ArticleInternational journal for equity in health2020
Socioeconomic inequalities in hypertension in Kenya: a decomposition analysis of 2015 Kenya STEPwise survey on non-communicable diseases risk factors.
Article in International journal for equity in health, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
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21 citing papers in PubMed, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Addressing priority gaps in access and quality of NCD services in primary care settings in Rural Kenya: a participatory approach to intervention development.BMC primary care · 2026Article
- Financial determinants of effective hypertension and diabetes care in rural primary health facilities in Kisumu, Kenya: a mixed-methods study.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Prolonged breastfeeding and hypertension risk among Kenyan women: exploring the roles of obesity and alcohol consumption.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2026Article
- Associated factors and educational and economic inequalities with raised blood pressure in Cambodia: analysis of the data from a national household survey.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Decomposing wealth-based inequalities in ideal cardiovascular health in Kenya.Communications medicine · 2025Article
- Socioeconomic inequality in hypertension and its determinants in people over 60 years in Fasa, southern Iran: a Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Rethinking chronic care: how blended patient-centered care delivery and innovative financing models can contribute to achieving universal health coverage-a case study of an integrated approach in Kenya.Oxford open digital health · 2025Article
- Prevalence and risk factors of hypertension among clients seeking care at Selected Healthcare Facilities in Kenya.PloS one · 2025Article
- Socioeconomic inequality for hypertension among reproductive age women aged 15-49 from five Sub-Saharan Africa countries: A decomposition analysis of DHS Data.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Why is there a gap in self-rated health among people with hypertension in Zambia? A decomposition of determinants and rural‒urban differences.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Hypertension care cascades and reducing inequities in cardiovascular disease in low- and middle-income countries.Nature medicine · 2024Article
- Socio-economic and spatial inequalities in animal sources of iron-rich foods consumption among children 6-23 months old in Ethiopia: A decomposition analysis.PLOS global public health · 2024Article
- Comparing socio-economic inequalities in self-reported and undiagnosed hypertension among adults 45 years and over in India: what explains these inequalities?International journal for equity in health · 2023Article
- Inequality in prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in Iran: the analysis of national households' data.BMC public health · 2022Article
- Socioeconomic Inequalities in the Prevalence of Non-Communicable Diseases among Older Adults in India.Geriatrics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Awareness, treatment, and practices of lifestyle modifications amongst diagnosed hypertensive patients attending the tertiary care hospital of Karachi: A cross-sectional study.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2022Article
- Decomposing socioeconomic inequality in blood pressure and blood glucose testing: evidence from four districts in Kerala, India.International journal for equity in health · 2022Article
- Socioeconomic-Related Inequalities in COVID-19 Vulnerability in South Africa.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Socioeconomic Inequity in the Screening and Treatment of Hypertension in Kenya: Evidence From a National Survey.Frontiers in health services · 2022Article
- Stroke Epidemiology, Care, and Outcomes in Kenya: A Scoping Review.Frontiers in neurology · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
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Abstract
backgroundOne in four Kenyans aged 18-69 years have raised blood pressure. Despite this high prevalence of hypertension and known association between socioeconomic status and hypertension, there is limited understanding of factors explaining inequalities in raised blood pressure in Kenya. Hence, we quantified the socioeconomic inequality in hypertension in Kenya and decomposed the determinants contributing to such inequality.
methodsWe used data from the 2015 Kenya STEPwise survey for non-communicable diseases risk factors. We included 4422 respondents aged 18-69 years. We estimated the socioeconomic inequality using the concentration index (C) and decomposed the C using Wagstaff decomposition analysis.
resultsThe overall concentration index of hypertension in Kenya was - 0.08 (95% CI: - 0.14, - 0.02; p = 0.005), showing socioeconomic inequalities in hypertension disfavouring the poor population. About half (47.1%) of the pro-rich inequalities in hypertension was explained by body mass index while 26.7% by socioeconomic factors (wealth index (10.4%), education (9.3%) and paid employment (7.0%)) and 17.6% by sociodemographic factors (female gender (10.5%), age (4.3%) and marital status (0.6%)). Regional differences explained 7.1% of the estimated inequality with the Central region alone explaining 6.0% of the observed inequality. Our model explained 99.7% of the estimated socioeconomic inequality in hypertension in Kenya with a small non-explained part of the inequality (- 0.0002).
conclusionThe present study shows substantial socioeconomic inequalities in hypertension in Kenya, mainly explained by metabolic risk factors (body mass index), individual health behaviours, and socioeconomic factors. Kenya needs gender- and equity-focused interventions to curb the rising burden of hypertension and inequalities in hypertension.
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