ArticleJournal of veterinary diagnostic investigation : official publication of the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians, Inc2021
Clinical, histopathologic, and immunohistochemical features of 13 cases of canine gallbladder neuroendocrine carcinoma.
Article in Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation : official publication of the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians, Inc, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Imaging Characterization of a Cystic Duct Neuroendocrine Carcinoma in a Dog Using Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasonography and Multiphasic Computed Tomography.Veterinary radiology & ultrasound : the official journal of the American College of Veterinary Radiology and the International Veterinary Radiology Association · 2026Article
- Cytologic, Clinicopathologic, and Histologic Findings in a Dog with a Gallbladder Neuroendocrine Carcinoma and Multiple Endocrinopathies.Veterinary clinical pathology · 2026Article
- Adaptive, Clinically Guided Multimodal Therapy with Supportive Drug Sensitivity Testing in a Dog with Hepatic Neuroendocrine Carcinoma: A Case Report.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- From companion animals to patients: interspecies lessons in neuroendocrine oncology.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Review
- Proliferation-Based WHO Grading and Heterogeneous Gastrin Expression in Canine Gallbladder Neuroendocrine Tumors.Veterinary sciences · 2025Article
- Gallbladder Neuroendocrine Neoplasms in Dogs and Humans.Veterinary sciences · 2024Review
- Neoplastic signatures: Comparative proteomics of canine hepatobiliary neuroendocrine tumors to normal niche tissue.PloS one · 2023Article
- Chronic Cholecystitis of Dogs: Clinicopathologic Features and Relationship with Liver.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In this retrospective descriptive study, we characterized the clinical, histologic, and immunohistochemical features of 13 cases of canine gallbladder neuroendocrine carcinoma (GB-NEC). Immunohistochemical stains for neuroendocrine (neuron-specific enolase [NSE], chromogranin A, synaptophysin) and gastrin markers were evaluated, and clinicopathologic and follow-up data were obtained for all cases. The average age at diagnosis was 8.9 y, and breeds included 6 Boston Terriers, 2 Bichon Frise, 1 Poodle, 1 English Bulldog, 1 French Bulldog, and 2 mixed-breed dogs. Boston Terriers were overrepresented in this cohort, and therefore a breed predilection is possible. Most dogs were presented with emesis and elevated liver enzyme activities: 13 of 13 had elevated alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase activities; 8 of 13 had elevated aspartate aminotransferase activity; 7 of 13 had elevated gamma-glutamyl transferase activity. Abdominal ultrasound and/or exploratory surgery revealed a gallbladder mass. All neoplasms had similar histologic features and positive immunoreactivity for NSE, chromogranin A, synaptophysin, and gastrin. Vascular invasion was noted in 8 of 13 neoplasms, and metastasis was present in 6 of 13 cases (4 hepatic and 2 pulmonary metastases). The median survival time was 3.7 y in patients who died; 5 of 8 deaths were directly attributed to the GB-NEC, 3 of which had metastatic spread. GB-NECs have the potential to metastasize; however, surgical excision may be curative in a subset of dogs.
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