ReviewPolymers2020
An Overview of Current Knowledge on the Properties, Synthesis and Applications of Quaternary Chitosan Derivatives.
Review in Polymers, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 119 citations in OpenAlex.
- Aza-Michael Quaternization: Addition of Tertiary Amines to Allenic Michael Acceptors Furnishes Quaternary Ammonium Compounds.JACS Au · 2026Article
- Quaternary Ammonium-Functionalized Chitosan as a Next-Generation Antifungal Platform: Chemistry, Mechanisms, and Therapeutic Applications.Marine drugs · 2026Review
- Evaluation of Functional Electrospun Chitosan-Based Nanofibers Loaded with Norfloxacin for Enhanced Burn Wound Healing Response.Polymers · 2026Article
- Study on the preparation of multifunctional bacterial cellulose-based wound dressings and their in vitro hemostatic performance.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Synthesis and Characterization of Modified Chitosan Materials with Assessment of Their Antibacterial and Antiviral Activities.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2026Article
- Mechanism and Molecular Design Principles of Cationic Surfactants: From Charge-Driven Membrane Interactions to Next-Generation Quaternary Ammonium Compounds.ChemMedChem · 2026Review
- From Eradication to Holistic Regeneration: Pharmaceutics Strategies for Reshaping Gastric Homeostasis AgainstPharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Quaternized Chitosan Crosslinked Networks for pH-Responsive Macromolecule Delivery: A Review.Polymers · 2026Review
- Biodegradable Films TargetingFoods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Versatility of Click Chemistry in Hydrogel Synthesis: From Molecular Strategies to Applications in Regenerative Medicine.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Advantages of the Combined Use of Cyclodextrins and Chitosan in Drug Delivery: A Review.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Trimethyl chitosan: Antibacterial activity onJournal of dental sciences · 2026Article
- Chitosan Sponges as Next-Generation Biomaterials for Dental Tissue Engineering and Periodontal Regeneration.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Review
- Deposition of Ag/TMC Nanoparticles via MAPLE to Enhance the Mechanical and Antimicrobial Properties of Silicone Hydrogel.ACS omega · 2025Article
- Synthesis of quaternized magnetic chitosan and adsorption performance for methyl orange from aqueous solution.RSC advances · 2025Article
- Environmental Impact of Textile Materials: Challenges in Fiber-Dye Chemistry and Implication of Microbial Biodegradation.Polymers · 2025Review
- Article
- Chitosan immunomodulation: insights into mechanisms of action on immune cells and signaling pathways.RSC advances · 2025Review
- Immunohistochemical Analysis to Evaluate the Efficacy of Tetracycline-Loaded Nano-Chitosan in Treating Periodontitis Induced byInternational journal of dentistry · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Chitosan, a chitin-derivative polysaccharide, known for its non-toxicity, biocompatibility and biodegradability, presents limited applications due to its low solubility in neutral or basic pH medium. Quaternization stands out as an alternative to modify this natural polymer, aiming to improve its solubility over a wide pH range and, consequently, expand its range of applications. Quaternization occurs by introducing a quaternary ammonium moiety onto or outside the chitosan backbone, via chemical reactions with primary amino and hydroxyl groups, under vast experimental conditions. The oldest and most common forms of quaternized chitosan involve N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan (TMC) and N-[(2-hydroxy-3-trimethyl ammonium) propyl] chitosan (HTCC) and, more recently, quaternized chitosan by insertion of pyridinium or phosphonium salts. By modifying chitosan through the insertion of a quaternary moiety, permanent cationic charges on the polysaccharide backbone are achieved and properties such as water solubility, antimicrobial activity, mucoadhesiveness and permeability are significantly improved, enabling the application mainly in the biomedical and pharmaceutical areas. In this review, the main quaternized chitosan compounds are addressed in terms of their structure, properties, synthesis routes and applications. In addition, other less explored compounds are also presented, involving the main findings and future prospects regarding the field of quaternized chitosans.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.