Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33266276›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2020

Can Socioeconomic, Health, and Safety Data Explain the Spread of COVID-19 Outbreak on Brazilian Federative Units?

Diego Galvan, Luciane Effting, Hágata Cremasco, Carlos Adam Conte-Junior

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
9citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

9 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Large language models for bioinformatics.Quantitative biology (Beijing, China) · 2026
    Review
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Human Development Index Is Associated with COVID-19 Case Fatality Rate in Brazil: An Ecological Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022
    Article
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Dynamic Network Analysis of COVID-19 with a Latent Pandemic Space Model.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021
    Article
  9. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Diego GalvanCOVID-19 Research Group, Center for Food Analysis (NAL), Technological Development Support Laboratory (LADETEC), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro RJ 21941-598, Brazil.ORCID 0000-0001-8394-3431
Luciane EfftingChemistry Department, State University of Londrina (UEL), Londrina PR 86057-970, Brazil.ORCID 0000-0003-2896-6811
Hágata CremascoChemistry Department, State University of Londrina (UEL), Londrina PR 86057-970, Brazil.
Carlos Adam Conte-JuniorCOVID-19 Research Group, Center for Food Analysis (NAL), Technological Development Support Laboratory (LADETEC), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro RJ 21941-598, Brazil.ORCID 0000-0001-6133-5080

Funding

Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro E-26/200.062/2020, E-26/010.000.984/2019, and E-26/010.000148/2020
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Infinite factors can influence the spread of COVID-19. Evaluating factors related to the spread of the disease is essential to point out measures that take effect. In this study, the influence of 14 variables was assessed together by Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) of the type Self-Organizing Maps (SOM), to verify the relationship between numbers of cases and deaths from COVID-19 in Brazilian states for 110 days. The SOM analysis showed that the variables that presented a more significant relationship with the numbers of cases and deaths by COVID-19 were influenza vaccine applied, Intensive Care Unit (ICU), ventilators, physicians, nurses, and the Human Development Index (HDI). In general, Brazilian states with the highest rates of influenza vaccine applied, ICU beds, ventilators, physicians, and nurses, per 100,000 inhabitants, had the lowest number of cases and deaths from COVID-19, while the states with the lowest rates were most affected by the disease. According to the SOM analysis, other variables such as Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), tests, drugs, and Federal funds, did not have as significant effect as expected.

Indexed as

PandemicsPopulation HealthSocioeconomic FactorsBrazilCOVID-19HumansSafetyartificial neural networkscoronavirus diseasedeveloping countryindex development indexSARS-CoV-2ventilator

Identifiers

PMID33266276
PMCPMC7730726

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.