ReviewCancers2020
Immunomodulatory Effects of IL-2 and IL-15; Implications for Cancer Immunotherapy.
Review in Cancers, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 126 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
126 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 175 citations in OpenAlex.
- Engineering cytokines for cancer immunotherapy: a systematic review.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Pooled it
- Article
- Arming oncolytic Coxsackievirus B3 with Neoleukin-2/15 enhances growth inhibition of colorectal carcinomas and induces T cell activation.Molecular therapy. Oncology · 2026Article
- Therapeutic Resistance in Melanoma: Molecular Mechanisms and Emerging Pharmaceutical Strategies.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) therapy: Historical context, clinical applications, and future directions.Cancer · 2026Review
- CAR-NK cell therapy for hematological malignancies.Blood advances · 2026Review
- IL15-mediated crosstalk between LSECs and CD8⁺ tissue-resident memory T cells drives alcohol-associated hepatitis.Hepatology communications · 2026Article
- Ex vivo evaluation of Newcastle disease virus to enhance natural killer cell function against acute myeloid leukemia cells.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Tumor-Infiltrating Natural Killer Cell Characterization in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma.Cells · 2026Article
- Innovative approaches in the treatment of hematologic malignancies: the role of CRISPR-engineered microbiomes along the gut-immune axis in immunotherapy development.Cancer cell international · 2026Review
- Article
- Enhancement of NK cell activity via DNA-sensing inhibition by Poxin transgene.Journal of advanced research · 2026Article
- Article
- Exacerbation of Anti-Cytomegalovirus Immunity and Mobilization of γ9δ1 T Cells During the Acute Phase of Hepatitis E Virus Infection.Microbiology and immunology · 2026Article
- Pathobiology and clinical significance of malignant pleural effusions.EMBO molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Unleashing CAR-T potential in solid tumors: overcoming intrinsic and extrinsic hurdles to improve therapy.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2026Review
- Review
- Advances in IL-15-Based Cancer Immunotherapy and Divergent Immunological Effects of IL-2 and IL-15 Signaling via the Shared IL-2Rβγ Receptor.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Combining lenalidomide with IL-2 family of cytokines enhances activating receptor and perforin/granzyme expression in NK cells.PloS one · 2026Article
- IL 15 enhances preclinical efficacy of anti-core 1 O-glycans monoclonal antibody NEO-201 against human endometrial and ovarian cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
66 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The type I cytokine family members interleukin-2 (IL-2) and IL-15 play important roles in the homeostasis of innate and adaptive immunity. Although IL-2 and IL-15 receptor complexes activate similar signal transduction cascades, triggering of these receptors results in different functional activities in lymphocytes. While IL-2 expands regulatory T cells and CD4+ helper T cells, IL-15 supports the development of central memory T cells and NK cells. Recent data have provided evidence that IL-2 and IL-15 differ in their ability to activate T and NK cells to resist various forms of immune suppression. The diverse roles of these two cytokines have on immune cells lead to critical therapeutic implications for cancer treatment. In this review, we discuss the distinct roles of IL-2 and IL-15 in activating various functions in T and NK cells with a particular focus on the signals that participate in the resistance of tumor-derived immune suppressive factors. Furthermore, we summarize current clinical applications of IL-2 and IL-15 in metastatic malignancies, either as monotherapy or in combination with other agents, and highlight the future trends for research on these cytokine-based immunotherapies.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.