Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33265264›Full record

ArticleEntropy (Basel, Switzerland)2018

Efficient Algorithms for Searching the Minimum Information Partition in Integrated Information Theory.

Jun Kitazono, Ryota Kanai, Masafumi Oizumi

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Entropy (Basel, Switzerland), 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
22citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

22 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Association of Bidirectional Network Cores in the Brain with Perceptual Awareness and Cognition.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2025
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Meta-representations as representations of processes.Neuroscience of consciousness · 2025
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Review
  17. Exclusion and Underdetermined Qualia.Entropy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019
    Article
  18. Article
  19. Information integration in large brain networks.PLoS computational biology · 2019
    Article
  20. Information Theory in Neuroscience.Entropy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Jun KitazonoAraya, Inc., Toranomon 15 Mori Building, 2-8-10 Toranomon, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-0001, Japan.
Ryota KanaiAraya, Inc., Toranomon 15 Mori Building, 2-8-10 Toranomon, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-0001, Japan.
Masafumi OizumiAraya, Inc., Toranomon 15 Mori Building, 2-8-10 Toranomon, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-0001, Japan.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The ability to integrate information in the brain is considered to be an essential property for cognition and consciousness. Integrated Information Theory (IIT) hypothesizes that the amount of integrated information ( Φ ) in the brain is related to the level of consciousness. IIT proposes that, to quantify information integration in a system as a whole, integrated information should be measured across the partition of the system at which information loss caused by partitioning is minimized, called the Minimum Information Partition (MIP). The computational cost for exhaustively searching for the MIP grows exponentially with system size, making it difficult to apply IIT to real neural data. It has been previously shown that, if a measure of Φ satisfies a mathematical property, submodularity, the MIP can be found in a polynomial order by an optimization algorithm. However, although the first version of Φ is submodular, the later versions are not. In this study, we empirically explore to what extent the algorithm can be applied to the non-submodular measures of Φ by evaluating the accuracy of the algorithm in simulated data and real neural data. We find that the algorithm identifies the MIP in a nearly perfect manner even for the non-submodular measures. Our results show that the algorithm allows us to measure Φ in large systems within a practical amount of time.

Indexed as

consciousnessintegrated informationintegrated information theoryminimum information partitionQueyranne’s algorithmsubmodularity

Identifiers

PMID33265264
PMCPMC7512690

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.