ReviewArtificial organs2021
Spheroids and organoids as humanized 3D scaffold-free engineered tissues for SARS-CoV-2 viral infection and drug screening.
Review in Artificial organs, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cardiac organoids in toxicology: from construction strategies and research trends to precision screening applications.Stem cell research & therapy · 2026Review
- Organoids: physiologically relevantJournal of virology · 2025Review
- A modular and reconfigurable microfluidic device for culturing spheroids under continuous perfusion.APL bioengineering · 2025Article
- Bioprinted Four-Cell-Type Lung Model for Viral Infection Studies Under Air-Liquid Interface Conditions.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Engineering Extracellular Vesicles Secreted by Human Brain Organoids with Different Regional Identity.ACS applied materials & interfaces · 2025Article
- A review of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering with a focus on wound healing and anti-aging.Frontiers in surgery · 2025Review
- Exploring plant-based dengue therapeutics: from laboratory to clinic.Tropical diseases, travel medicine and vaccines · 2024Article
- Non-destructive viability assessment of cancer cell spheroids using dynamic optical coherence tomography with trypan blue validation.Biomedical optics express · 2024Article
- Progress of organoid platform in cardiovascular research.Bioactive materials · 2024Review
- Infectivity and Potential Zoonotic Characteristics of Porcine Pseudorabies Virus in Human Cells.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2024Article
- Disruptive 3D in vitro models for respiratory disease investigation: A state-of-the-art approach focused on SARS-CoV-2 infection.Biomaterials and biosystems · 2023Article
- Druggable redox pathways against Mycobacterium abscessus in cystic fibrosis patient-derived airway organoids.PLoS pathogens · 2023Article
- In vitro high-content tissue models to address precision medicine challenges.Molecular aspects of medicine · 2023Review
- Deciphering the underlying mechanism of liver diseases through utilization of multicellular hepatic spheroid models.BMB reports · 2023Review
- 3D engineered tissue models for studying human-specific infectious viral diseases.Bioactive materials · 2023Review
- Ischemic Stroke, Lessons from the Past towards Effective Preclinical Models.Biomedicines · 2022Review
- Three-Dimensional Cell Culture Models to Study Respiratory Virus Infections Including COVID-19.Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Histopathological features of SARS-CoV-2 infection and relationships with organoid technology.The Journal of international medical research · 2021Review
- Review
- Spheroids and organoids as humanized 3D scaffold-free engineered tissues for SARS-CoV-2 viral infection and drug screening.Artificial organs · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The new coronavirus (2019-nCoV) or the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was officially declared by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a pandemic in March 2020. To date, there are no specific antiviral drugs proven to be effective in treating SARS-CoV-2, requiring joint efforts from different research fronts to discover the best route of treatment. The first decisions in drug discovery are based on 2D cell culture using high-throughput screening. In this context, spheroids and organoids emerge as a reliable alternative. Both are scaffold-free 3D engineered constructs that recapitulate key cellular and molecular events of tissue physiology. Different studies have already shown their advantages as a model for different infectious diseases, including SARS-CoV-2 and for drug screening. The use of these 3D engineered tissues as an in vitro model can fill the gap between 2D cell culture and in vivo preclinical assays (animal models) as they could recapitulate the entire viral life cycle. The main objective of this review is to understand spheroid and organoid biology, highlighting their advantages and disadvantages, and how these scaffold-free engineered tissues can contribute to a better comprehension of viral infection by SARS-CoV-2 and to the development of in vitro high-throughput models for drug screening.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.