Trial reportActa bio-medica : Atenei Parmensis2020
Music tuned to 432 Hz versus music tuned to 440 Hz for improving sleep in patients with spinal cord injuries: a double-blind cross-over pilot study.
Trial report in Acta bio-medica : Atenei Parmensis, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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The trial behind it
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Differential effects of sound interventions tuned to 432 Hz or 443 Hz on cardiovascular parameters in cancer patients: a randomized cross-over trial.BMC complementary medicine and therapies · 2025Trial
- The Listening to music tuned to 440 Hz versus 432 Hz to reduce anxiety and stress in emergency nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic: a double-blind, randomized controlled pilot study.Acta bio-medica : Atenei Parmensis · 2022Trial
- Healing Effects of Music, Healing Frequencies, and Binaural Beats for Traumatic Brain Injury and Stroke: A Review.Cureus · 2026Review
- Study protocol to support the development of an all-night binaural beat frequency audio program to entrain sleep.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Article
- Pilot Aquaphotomic Study of the Effects of Audible Sound on Water Molecular Structure.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Updated Review of the Acoustic Modulation of Sleep: Current Perspectives and Emerging Concepts.Nature and science of sleep · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
background and aim of the workAmong people with spinal cord injuries, sleep disorders are considered one of the top well-being priorities. Some studies suggest that listening to music promotes sleep and improves its quality. These studies usually used music standardised at the frequency of 440 Hz. The aim of the present study is to compare the effects of listening to music tuned to 440 Hz and music tuned to 432 Hz on sleep in patients with spinal cord injuries.
methodsDouble-blind cross-over pilot study in a single Italian Spinal Unit. 12 patients with spinal injuries were provided with mp3 players loaded with their favourite music tuned to 440 Hz or 432 Hz. They were invited to listen to music for 30 minutes each day, in the two periods of the study. "Sleep Scale for Medical Study" modified for this study, and the "Perceived Stress Scale" were chosen.
resultsThe participants were eight males (mean age =58.12, SD ±13.62), and four females (mean age =56.25, SD ±14.17). Five were quadriplegics and seven were paraplegics. Listening times and wash-out periods were variable. The stress decreased, but not significantly, with listening to music at both frequencies. After listening to music at 432 Hz there was a significant improvement in sleep scores (+3.6, p=0.02), while there was no improvement in sleep scores listening to music at 440 Hz (-1.50, p=0.34).
conclusionsThe results suggest that further studies on music interventions at 432 Hz should be performed. It is advisable to increase sample sizes and use a range of different research methods.
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