ArticleOpen forum infectious diseases2020
Risk Factors for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection in Homeless Shelters in Chicago, Illinois-March-May, 2020.
Article in Open forum infectious diseases, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- COVID-19 in the homeless population: a scoping review and meta-analysis examining differences in prevalence, presentation, vaccine hesitancy and government response in the first year of the pandemic.BMC infectious diseases · 2023Pooled it
- SARS-CoV-2 incidence, seroprevalence, and COVID-19 vaccination coverage in the homeless population: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2023Pooled it
- Occurrence and transmission potential of asymptomatic and presymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections: Update of a living systematic review and meta-analysis.PLoS medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Infectious Diseases Among People Experiencing Homelessness: A Systematic Review of the Literature in the United States and Canada, 2003-2022.Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974)Pooled it
- COVID-19 rapid testing in a homeless shelter: Lessons for equitable access and sustainable pandemic response.SSM. Qualitative research in health · 2026Article
- Outcomes for people experiencing homelessness with COVID-19 presenting to emergency departments in Canada, compared with housed patients.CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne · 2025Article
- Interventions to Mitigate the Impact of COVID-19 Among People Experiencing Sheltered Homelessness: Chicago, Illinois, March 1, 2020-May 11, 2023.American journal of public health · 2024Article
- Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Influenza and SARS-CoV-2 in Homeless People from Urban Shelters: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (2023).Epidemiologia (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Access to COVID-19 testing by individuals with housing insecurity during the early days of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States: a scoping review.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- A COVID-19 isolation facility for people experiencing homelessness in Berlin, Germany: a retrospective patient record study.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- COVID-19 prevalence and infection control measures at homeless shelters and hostels in high-income countries: a scoping review.Systematic reviews · 2022Article
- COVID-19 Vaccination Coverage Among People Experiencing Homelessness in a Highly Vaccinated Midwest County-Dane County, Wisconsin, 2021.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Incidence of COVID-19 Among Persons Experiencing Homelessness in the US From January 2020 to November 2021.JAMA network open · 2022Article
- A Scoping Review of the Health Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Persons Experiencing Homelessness in North America and Europe.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Residential Mobility of a Cohort of Homeless People in Times of Crisis: COVID-19 Pandemic in a European Metropolis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Transmission Dynamics of Large Coronavirus Disease Outbreak in Homeless Shelter, Chicago, Illinois, USA, 2020.Emerging infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Risk-Factors for Exposure Associated With SARS-CoV-2 Detection After Recent Known or Potential COVID-19 Exposures Among Patients Seeking Medical Care at a Large Urban, Public Hospital in Fulton County, Georgia - A Cross-Sectional Investigation.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
- Assessment of a Hotel-Based Protective Housing Program for Incidence of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Management of Chronic Illness Among Persons Experiencing Homelessness.JAMA network open · 2021Article
- High SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in persons experiencing homelessness and shelter workers from a day-shelter in São Paulo, Brazil.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2021Article
- Domestic Violence Police Reporting and Resources During the 2020 COVID-19 Stay-at-Home Order in Chicago, Illinois.JAMA network open · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
57 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPeople experiencing homelessness are at increased risk of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), but little is known about specific risk factors for infection within homeless shelters.
methodsWe performed widespread severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) polymerase chain reaction testing and collected risk factor information at all homeless shelters in Chicago with at least 1 reported case of COVID-19 (n = 21). Multivariable, mixed-effects log-binomial models were built to estimate adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs) for SARS-CoV-2 infection for both individual- and facility-level risk factors.
resultsDuring March 1 to May 1, 2020, 1717 shelter residents and staff were tested for SARS-CoV-2; 472 (27%) persons tested positive. Prevalence of infection was higher for residents (431 of 1435, 30%) than for staff (41 of 282, 15%) (prevalence ratio = 2.52; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.78-3.58). The majority of residents with SARS-CoV-2 infection (293 of 406 with available information about symptoms, 72%) reported no symptoms at the time of specimen collection or within the following 2 weeks. Among residents, sharing a room with a large number of people was associated with increased likelihood of infection (aPR for sharing with >20 people compared with single rooms = 1.76; 95% CI, 1.11-2.80), and current smoking was associated with reduced likelihood of infection (aPR = 0.71; 95% CI, 0.60-0.85). At the facility level, a higher proportion of residents leaving and returning each day was associated with increased prevalence (aPR = 1.08; 95% CI, 1.01-1.16), whereas an increase in the number of private bathrooms was associated with reduced prevalence (aPR for 1 additional private bathroom per 100 people = 0.92; 95% CI, 0.87-0.98).
conclusionsWe identified a high prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infections in homeless shelters. Reducing the number of residents sharing dormitories might reduce the likelihood of SARS-CoV-2 infection. When community transmission is high, limiting movement of persons experiencing homelessness into and out of shelters might also be beneficial.
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