ArticleFrontiers in medicine2020
Dynamics of CD4 T Cell and Antibody Responses in COVID-19 Patients With Different Disease Severity.
Article in Frontiers in medicine, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 47 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
47 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 76 citations in OpenAlex.
- What Is the Antibody Response and Role in Conferring Natural Immunity After SARS-CoV-2 Infection? Rapid, Living Practice Points From the American College of Physicians (Version 1).Annals of internal medicine · 2021Guideline
- Bigger is faster in the adaptive immune response.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in Response to COVID-19 Vaccination in Underserved Racial/Ethnic Minority People Living with HIV.Vaccines · 2025Article
- Enhanced and long-lasting SARS-CoV-2 immune memory in individuals with common cold coronavirus cross-reactive T cell immunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- CD4Science advances · 2024Article
- Metacell-based differential expression analysis identifies cell type specific temporal gene response programs in COVID-19 patient PBMCs.NPJ systems biology and applications · 2024Article
- The trend of phylogenetic and epitope variations of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron sub-lineages in Iran.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
- Interrogating ligand-receptor interactions using highly sensitive cellular biosensors.Nature communications · 2023Article
- A Multivariant Surrogate Neutralization Assay Identifies Variant-Specific Neutralizing Antibody Profiles in Primary SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Infection.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Comparative Assessment of the Kinetics of Cellular and Humoral Immune Responses to COVID-19 Vaccination in Cancer Patients.Viruses · 2023Article
- Importance, Applications and Features of Assays Measuring SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibodies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Comprehensive Comparison of Seven SARS-CoV-2-Specific Surrogate Virus Neutralization and Anti-Spike IgG Antibody Assays Using a Live-Virus Neutralization Assay as a Reference.Microbiology spectrum · 2023Article
- Impaired SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cell response in patients with severe COVID-19.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Limited role of children in transmission of SARS-CoV-2 virus in households-Immunological analysis of 26 familial clusters.Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology · 2023Article
- The accelerated waning of immunity and reduced effect of booster in patients treated with bDMARD and tsDMARD after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination.Frontiers in medicine · 2023Article
- Article
- Machine learning analysis of humoral and cellular responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection in young adults.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Memory T cell responses in seronegative older adults following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.Clinical immunology communications · 2022Article
- Reduced Sensitivity of Commercial Spike-Specific Antibody Assays after Primary Infection with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant.Microbiology spectrum · 2022Article
- Time-dependent contraction of the SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cell responses in convalescent individuals.The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. Global · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
17 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ranges from mild illness to severe respiratory disease and death. In this study, we determined the kinetics of viral loads, antibody responses (IgM, IgG, neutralization) and SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4 T cells by quantifying these parameters in 435 serial respiratory and blood samples collected from a cohort of 29 COVID-19 patients with either moderate or severe disease during the whole period of hospitalization or until death. Remarkably, there was no significant difference in the kinetics and plateau levels of neutralizing antibodies among the groups with different disease severity. In contrast, the dynamics of specific CD4 T cell responses differed considerably, but all patients with moderate or severe disease developed robust SARS-CoV-2-specific responses. Of note, none of the patients had detectable cross-reactive CD4 T cells in the first week after symptom onset, which have been described in 20-50% of unexposed individuals. Our data thus provide novel insights into the kinetics of antibody and CD4 T cell responses as well as viral loads that are key to understanding the role of adaptive immunity in combating the virus during acute infection and provide leads for the timing of immune therapies for COVID-19.
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