Observational studyBMC infectious diseases2020
Clinical characteristics and outcomes of influenza A and B virus infection in adult Australian hospitalised patients.
Observational study in BMC infectious diseases, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Co-infection of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A/B among patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Pooled it
- Influenza-Associated Cardiac Manifestations: A Systematic Review of Case Reports and Case Series.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Divergent pathogenic mechanisms of influenza A and influenza B viruses.Archives of microbiology · 2026Review
- Severity of Clinical Presentation and Outcomes in Hospitalized Adult People With Influenza by Type and Subtype, United States-2017-2020.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2026Article
- Genomic Characterization and Phylogenetic Analysis ofViruses · 2026Article
- Observational
- hMPV co-infections: Distinct immunopathogenic mechanisms and clinical implications of viral and bacterial pathogenesis.Folia microbiologica · 2025Review
- Molecular surveillance of influenza A and B in namibia: seasonal patterns and clinical correlates (2021-2023).BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Clinical features and outcomes of viral respiratory infections in adults during the 2023-2024 winter season.Scientific reports · 2025Observational
- Molecular identification of respiratory syncytial virus, seasonal influenza viruses, and SARS-CoV-2 in respiratory tract infections: A cross-sectional study in Taif city.Saudi medical journal · 2025Article
- Measuring the disease burden of seasonal influenza in Germany 2015 - 2020 using the incidence-based disability-adjusted life years (DALYs).BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of influenza and SARS-CoV-2 virus among patients with acute febrile illness in selected sites of Ethiopia 2021-2022.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Comprehensive molecular epidemiology of influenza viruses in Brazil: insights from a nationwide analysis.Virus evolution · 2025Article
- Phosphorylation Modifications and Their Role in Viral Pneumonia: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications.Infection and drug resistance · 2025Review
- Genome characterization of influenza A and B viruses in New South Wales, Australia, in 2019: A retrospective study using high-throughput whole genome sequencing.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2024Article
- Severity of influenza-associated hospitalisations by influenza virus type and subtype in the USA, 2010-19: a repeated cross-sectional study.The Lancet. Microbe · 2023Article
- Higher risk for influenza-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (IAPA) in asthmatic patients: A Swiss multicenter cohort study on IAPA in critically ill influenza patients.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2023Article
- Article
- Promising strategy for developing mRNA-based universal influenza virus vaccine for human population, poultry, and pigs- focus on the bigger picture.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundInfluenza B is often perceived as a less severe strain of influenza. The epidemiology and clinical outcomes of influenza B have been less thoroughly investigated in hospitalised patients. The aims of this study were to describe clinical differences and outcomes between influenza A and B patients admitted over a period of 4 years.
methodsWe retrospectively collected data of all laboratory confirmed influenza patients ≥18 years at two tertiary hospitals in South Australia. Patients were confirmed as influenza positive if they had a positive polymerase-chain-reaction (PCR) test of a respiratory specimen. Complications during hospitalisation along with inpatient mortality were compared between influenza A and B. In addition, 30 day mortality and readmissions were compared. Logistic regression model compared outcomes after adjustment for age, Charlson index, sex and creatinine levels.
resultsBetween January 2016-March 2020, 1846 patients, mean age 66.5 years, were hospitalised for influenza. Of whom, 1630 (88.3%) had influenza A and 216 (11.7%) influenza B. Influenza B patients were significantly younger than influenza A. Influenza A patients were more likely be smokers with a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and ischaemic heart disease (IHD) than influenza B. Complications, including pneumonia and acute coronary syndrome (ACS) were similar between two groups, however, septic shock was more common in patients with influenza B. Adjusted analyses showed similar median length of hospital stay (LOS), in hospital mortality, 30-day mortality and readmissions between the two groups.
conclusionsInfluenza B is less prevalent and occurs mostly in younger hospitalised patients than influenza A. Both strains contribute equally to hospitalisation burden and complications.
trial registrationAustralia and New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry (ANZCR) no ACTRN12618000451202 date of registration 28/03/2018.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.