ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2020
In Vitro Induction of Trained Innate Immunity by bIgG and Whey Protein Extracts.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trained immunity using probiotics and inactivated pathogens enhances resistance to Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium infection by activating the cGAS-STING signal pathway in mice and chickens.Journal of advanced research · 2026Article
- Integrating Subacute Ruminal Acidosis, Lipopolysaccharide, and Trained Immunity: A Comprehensive Review.International journal of biological sciences · 2025Review
- IgE versus IgG and IgA: Differential roles of allergen-specific antibodies in sensitization, tolerization, and treatment of allergies.Immunological reviews · 2024Review
- Article
- The Modification of H3K4me3 Enhanced the Expression ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Immunomodulatory Effect and Biological Significance of β-Glucans.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- Direct Binding of Bovine IgG-Containing Immune Complexes to Human Monocytes and Their Putative Role in Innate Immune Training.Nutrients · 2022Article
- Ingestion, Immunity, and Infection: Nutrition and Viral Respiratory Tract Infections.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Immunometabolic response in Egyptian water buffalo cows during the transition period.Veterinary world · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Bovine immunoglobulin G (bIgG) was previously shown to enhance innate immune responses to toll-like receptor (TLR) stimulation, via induction of trained immunity. In this study, we investigated whether minimally processed dairy streams with high levels of whey proteins as potential infant nutrition ingredients could also induce trained immunity, and to what extent this can be explained by the presence of bIgG. The minimally processed whey ingredients serum protein concentrate (SPC) and whey protein concentrate (WPC) were tested for their ability to induce trained immunity in human peripheral blood monocytes. Both ingredients induced trained immunity as evidenced by an increased production of TNF-α and, to a lesser extent, of IL-6 upon stimulation with TLR ligands. This was comparable to isolated bovine immunoglobulin G (bIgG) that served as positive control. Depletion of bIgG from both whey protein-containing ingredients did not significantly inhibit the induction of trained immunity, suggesting that the streams contain other components in addition to bIgG that are able to induce trained immunity. These results indicate that minimally processed whey ingredients may contribute to protection against infections through enhancing innate immune responsiveness to pathogens.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.