ArticleCells2020
Characterization of In Vitro 3D Cell Model Developed from Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HepG2) Cell Line.
Article in Cells, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 63 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and steatohepatitis-associated hepatocarcinoma preclinical models.Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2026Review
- WNT-β-catenin signalling in hepatocellular carcinoma: from bench to clinical trials.Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2026Review
- From tradition to evidence: medicinal plants used for childhood diseases in the Ehlanzeni District, Mpumalanga Province, South Africa.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Review
- Tailorable porous collagen hydrogels as a physiologically relevant platform for extrachromosomal DNA-associated colorectal cancer research.Theranostics · 2026Article
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- A Robust Marine Collagen Peptide-Agarose 3D Culture System for In Vitro Modeling of Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Anti-Cancer Therapeutic Development.Marine drugs · 2025Article
- Application of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) in Hereditary and Viral Diseases of the Liver: Modeling and Treatment.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
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- High-rate mechano-stimulation alters proliferation- and maturation-related signaling of oligodendrocyte precursor cells in a 3D hydrogel.Mechanobiology in medicine · 2025Article
- The Activity of Human NK Cells Towards 3D Heterotypic Cellular Tumor Model of Breast Cancer.Cells · 2025Article
- Advancing hepatotoxicity assessment: current advances and future directions.Toxicological research · 2025Review
- An accessible 3D HepG2/C3A liver spheroid model supporting the complete intrahepatocytic lifecycle ofParasitology · 2025Article
- Insights into Chemopreventive Effects of Rosmarinic Acid Against Aflatoxin B1-Induced Genotoxic Effects.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Quantitative Analysis of Isoflavones fromMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In genetic toxicology, there is a trend against the increased use of in vivo models as highlighted by the 3R strategy, thus encouraging the development and implementation of alternative models. Two-dimensional (2D) hepatic cell models, which are generally used for studying the adverse effects of chemicals and consumer products, are prone to giving misleading results. On the other hand, newly developed hepatic three-dimensional (3D) cell models provide an attractive alternative, which, due to improved cell interactions and a higher level of liver-specific functions, including metabolic enzymes, reflect in vivo conditions more accurately. We developed an in vitro 3D cell model from the human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cell line. The spheroids were cultured under static conditions and characterised by monitoring their growth, morphology, and cell viability during the time of cultivation. A time-dependent suppression of cell division was observed. Cell cycle analysis showed time-dependent accumulation of cells in the G0/G1 phase. Moreover, time-dependent downregulation of proliferation markers was shown at the mRNA level. Genes encoding hepatic markers, metabolic phase I/II enzymes, were time-dependently deregulated compared to monolayers. New knowledge on the characteristics of the 3D cell model is of great importance for its further development and application in the safety assessment of chemicals, food products, and complex mixtures.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.