ReviewTropical medicine and infectious disease2020
Efficacy and Safety of Lopinavir/Ritonavir for Treatment of COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Review in Tropical medicine and infectious disease, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- Management of hospitalised adults with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a European Respiratory Society living guideline.The European respiratory journal · 2021Guideline
- Efficacy and safety of favipiravir plus interferon-beta versus lopinavir/ritonavir plus interferon-beta in moderately ill patients with COVID-19: A randomized clinical trial.Journal of medical virology · 2022Trial
- Navigating Therapeutic Frontiers: A Meta-review and Meta-analysis of COVID-19 Treatment Options.Journal of research in pharmacy practice · 2026Review
- Pattern Recognition Algorithms in Pharmacogenomics and Drug Repurposing-Case Study: Ribavirin and Lopinavir.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Systemic antiviral consumption in Kazakhstan.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Profiling of sesquiterpenoid fractions fromBiomolecules & biomedicine · 2025Article
- Breaking the Chain: Protease Inhibitors as Game Changers in Respiratory Viruses Management.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- COVID-19 therapeutics: Clinical application of repurposed drugs and futuristic strategies for target-based drug discovery.Genes & diseases · 2023Review
- Drugs for COVID-19 Treatment: A New Challenge.Applied biochemistry and biotechnology · 2023Review
- Article
- A Practical Approach in Refining Binary Outcome for Treatment Effect of COVID-19 According to Geographical Diversity.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2023Article
- A Clinical Update on SARS-CoV-2: Pathology and Development of Potential Inhibitors.Current issues in molecular biology · 2023Review
- Article
- Antiviral Used among Non-Severe COVID-19 Cases in Relation to Time till Viral Clearance: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Pharmacological treatment of COVID-19: an opinion paper.Revista espanola de quimioterapia : publicacion oficial de la Sociedad Espanola de Quimioterapia · 2022Review
- COVID-19: Current Challenges and Future Perspectives.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2022Article
- Novel Drug Design for Treatment of COVID-19: A Systematic Review of Preclinical Studies.The Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale · 2022Review
- Use of Antivirals in SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Critical Review of the Role of Remdesivir.Drug design, development and therapy · 2022Review
- Efficacy of lopinavir-ritonavir combination therapy for the treatment of hospitalized COVID-19 patients: a meta-analysis.Future virology · 2021Review
- Sex-tailored pharmacology and COVID-19: Next steps towards appropriateness and health equity.Pharmacological research · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
(Background) Lopinavir-ritonavir (LPV/RTV) is a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antiviral combination that has been considered for the treatment of COVID-19 disease. (Aim) This systematic review aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of LPV/RTV in COVID-19 patients in the published research. (Methods) A protocol was developed based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statement. Articles were selected for review from 8 electronic databases. This review evaluated the effects of LPV/RTV alone or in combination with standard care ± interferons/antiviral treatments compared to other therapies, regarding duration of hospital stay, risk of progressing to invasive mechanical, time to virological cure and body temperature normalization, cough relief, radiological progression, mortality and safety. (Results) A consensus was reached to select 32 articles for full-text screening; only 14 articles comprising 9036 patients were included in this study; and eight of these were included for meta-analysis. Most of these studies did not report positive clinical outcomes with LPV/RTV treatment. In terms of virological cure, three studies reported less time in days to achieve a virological cure for LPV/RTV arm relative to no antiviral treatment (-0.81 day; 95% confidence interval (CI), -4.44 to 2.81;
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.