Observational studyAnnals of clinical and translational neurology2021
Long-term adherence and response to botulinum toxin in different indications.
Observational study in Annals of clinical and translational neurology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Secondary Treatment Failure and Immunogenicity With Botulinum Neurotoxin A in Multiple Indications.European journal of neurology · 2025Pooled it
- An Exploratory, Randomized, Double-Blind Clinical Trial of Dipraglurant for Blepharospasm.Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society · 2024Trial
- Switching adult patients with spasticity from onabotulinumtoxinA to abobotulinumtoxinA: a real-world data analysis across three US-based treatment centers.Journal of comparative effectiveness research · 2026Article
- Patient Perceptions of a Preventive Effect of Long-Term Botulinum Neurotoxin Therapy in Cervical Dystonia.Toxins · 2026Article
- Long-term safety and treatment discontinuation patterns of OnabotulinumtoxinA for post-stroke spasticity: a retrospective study.BMC neurology · 2026Article
- Botulinum toxin A for post-stroke spasticity: Insights from the French National Hospital Discharge Database (2015-2023).European stroke journal · 2026Article
- Botulinum toxin A for post-stroke spasticity: Insights from the French National Hospital Discharge Database (2015-2023).European stroke journal · 2025Article
- The Impact of Repeated Applications of Botulinum Toxin A on the Spasticity of the Upper Limb in Stroke Patient, Cohort Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Observational
- Preventive Effects of Botulinum Neurotoxin Long-Term Therapy: Comparison of the 'Experienced' Benefits and 'Suspected' Worsening Across Disease Entities.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Zinc in Dermatology: Exploring Its Emerging Role in Enhancing Botulinum Toxin Formulations and Clinical Efficacy.Current issues in molecular biology · 2024Review
- Article
- Article
- Article
- Adjunctive treatment and BoNT-A for post-stroke spasticity: Are we really focusing on the patient-centered goals?Frontiers in neurology · 2023Article
- Botulinum toxin use in patients with post-stroke spasticity: a nationwide retrospective study from France.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Article
- Article
- Article
- Review
- Disease Progression of Idiopathic Cervical Dystonia in Spite of Improvement After Botulinum Toxin Therapy.Frontiers in neurology · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
17 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveThe objective of the study was the analysis of adherence and self-perceived treatment response to long-term botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT-A) treatment in different neurological indications.
methodsIn this retrospective, monocentric, observational study, cross-sectional and longitudinal data of 1351 patients documenting 20705 injection appointments at the BoNT outpatient clinic of Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf between 1989 and 2014 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients had been treated with BoNT for neurological conditions, including cervical dystonia (CD), blepharospasm (BSP), other dystonia (ODT), hemifacial spasm (HFS), and spasticity (SPAS). The parameters longitudinally analyzed for the entire cohort were therapy duration as well as the mean and cumulative BoNT-A dose. Cross-sectionally, for subgroups of at least 721, patients' global self-perceived quality of health and life, global self-perceived reduction of symptoms by BoNT-A treatment as well as the clinical global impression were evaluated. Furthermore, mouse hemidiaphragm assay antibodies (MHDA-ABs) were analyzed in a subgroup.
resultsThe mean treatment duration was 4.58 years (95% CI 4.32-4.84), and 678 (50.2%) therapy dropouts of 1351 patients occurred within the first 8 years. Therapy adherence and self-perceived symptom reduction in long-term BoNT-A treatment over the years were significantly longer in BSP, HFS, and CD patients than in ODT and SPAS patients.
interpretationThe treatment indication determines long-term adherence and self-perceived symptom reduction in BoNT-A therapy, which are better in BSP, HFS, and CD patients than in ODT and SPAS patients. MHDA-ABs had a significant impact on global self-perceived symptom reduction, but with only a limited degree.
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