SynthesisJournal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines2021
Research Review: Developmental origins of depression - a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Specificity of environmental risk factors for schizophrenia, bipolar disorders, and depressive disorders - umbrella review.Psychological medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Metabolomic signatures associated with fetal growth restriction and small for gestational age: a systematic review.Nature communications · 2024Pooled it
- The developmental origins of suicide mortality: a systematic review of longitudinal studies.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2024Pooled it
- Effects of size at birth on health, growth and developmental outcomes in children up to age 18: an umbrella review.Archives of disease in childhood · 2023Pooled it
- Identifying transdiagnostically relevant risk and protective factors for internalizing psychopathology: An umbrella review of longitudinal meta-analyses.Journal of psychiatric research · 2023Pooled it
- The relation between family socioeconomic status and depressive symptoms among children and adolescents in mainland China: a meta-analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2023Pooled it
- Maternal Stress During Pregnancy Induces Higher Anxiety-Like Behavior in Male Mice Offspring Under Acute Stress by Upregulating CRF/CRFR1 and Driving Time-Specific Activation of the MHb-IPN Circuit.Neuroscience bulletin · 2026Article
- The Impact of Climate Change on Pediatric Mental and Behavioral Health.Pediatric clinics of North America · 2026Review
- Mental health in the moment: protocol for an accelerated cohort measurement burst study of adolescent mental health.BMJ open · 2025Article
- Sex-Specific Neuropsychiatric Effects of Subanesthetic Ketamine Exposure in Pregnant Mice and Their Offspring.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2025Article
- Parental psychiatric disorders and age-specific risk for offspring major depression: Finnish nationwide register-based study.Psychological medicine · 2025Article
- Association between pre-pregnancy maternal stress and small for gestational age: a population-based retrospective cohort study.BMC medicine · 2025Article
- Effects of maternal temperament on uterine and umbilical blood flow, expression of angiogenic proteins, and fetal growth in pregnant ossimi sheep.Animal reproduction · 2025Article
- The Chain Mediation Effect of Victimization and Neuroticism on the Association Between Sexual Orientation and Depressive Symptoms: A Prospective Birth Cohort Study.Archives of sexual behavior · 2024Article
- Interpregnancy interval, air pollution, and the risk of low birth weight: a retrospective study in China.BMC public health · 2024Article
- The association of early life factors with depression and anxiety in adults aged 40-69 years: a population-based cohort study.Translational psychiatry · 2024Article
- Prenatal Hypoxia Triggers a Glucocorticoid-Associated Depressive-like Phenotype in Adult Rats, Accompanied by Reduced Anxiety in Response to Stress.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Prevalence and predictors of prenatal depression during the COVID-19 pandemic: A multistage observational study in Beijing, China.PloS one · 2024Observational
- Preterm birth, birthweight, and subsequent risk for depression.Journal of developmental origins of health and disease · 2023Article
- The early life course-related traits with three psychiatric disorders: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Article
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Funding
Abstract
backgroundMany observational studies have found a direct association between adverse in utero, perinatal and postnatal exposures and offspring's depression. These findings are consistent with the 'developmental origins of disease hypothesis'. But no review has comprehensively summarized the roles of these exposures. This review aims to systematically scrutinize the strength of associations between individual prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal exposures and subsequent depression in offspring.
methodsWe conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to synthesize the literature from the EMBASE, HealthStar, PsychoInfo, and Medline databases since their inception to September 1, 2019. English language articles on population-based prospective cohort studies examining the associations between in utero, perinatal, and postnatal exposures and offspring's depression were searched. Random-effects models were used to calculate pooled estimates, and heterogeneity and sensitivity tests were conducted to explore potential confounders in the relationships of depression and early-life factors. Qualitative analysis was also conducted.
resultsSixty-four prospective cohort studies with 28 exposures studied in the relationships to offspring's depression met inclusion criteria. The meta-analysis found 12 prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal characteristics were associated with an increased risk of depression in offspring: low birth weight, premature birth, small gestational age, maternal education, socioeconomic status, having younger parents (<20 years), having older parents (≥35 years), maternal smoking, paternal smoking, maternal stress, maternal anxiety, and prenatal depression. Heterogeneity and sensitivity tests supported the findings. By and large, study characteristics had no effects on conclusions. Qualitative analyses generally supported the findings of meta-analysis and reported on additional risk factors.
conclusionsThis review provides a robust and comprehensive overview of the lasting psychopathological effects of in utero, perinatal, and postnatal exposures. The findings highlight the need for clinical and public health interventions focusing on the identified risk factors. Large prospective cohort studies are warranted to investigate the combined effects of multiple co-existing early-life exposures.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.