Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33258945›Full record

ReviewCardiovascular research2021

Obesity, kidney dysfunction, and inflammation: interactions in hypertension.

John E Hall, Alan J Mouton, Alexandre A da Silva, Ana C M Omoto, Zhen Wang, Xuan Li, Jussara M do Carmo

Open access · greenAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Cardiovascular research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 167 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
167citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
10.5field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

167 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 236 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Trial
  3. Trial
  4. Trial
  5. Trial
  6. Trial
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Review
  11. Visceral Adiposity Is Independently Associated with Hypertension in Thai Adults: A Case-Control Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026
    Article
  12. Review
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. Exploring the Linear and Non-linear Association Between BMI and Night-Time Blood Pressure Variability.High blood pressure & cardiovascular prevention : the official journal of the Italian Society of Hypertension · 2026
    Article
  16. Review
  17. Article
  18. Review
  19. Article
  20. Article

107 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

John E HallDepartment of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 30216-4505, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-9867-5855
Alan J MoutonDepartment of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 30216-4505, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-5973-3071
Alexandre A da SilvaDepartment of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 30216-4505, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-4504-0607
Ana C M OmotoDepartment of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 30216-4505, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-1062-7109
Zhen WangDepartment of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 30216-4505, USA.
Xuan LiDepartment of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 30216-4505, USA.
Jussara M do CarmoDepartment of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 30216-4505, USA.
University of Mississippi Medical Center · US

Funding

STRUCTURAL VASCULAR ADAPTATION OF THE MICROCIRCULATIONP01HL051971 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF MISSISSIPPI MEDICAL CENTER · PI HALL, JOHN E · 1993 to 2018
$39.4M
Tracking and Evaluation CoreU54GM115428 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF MISSISSIPPI MED CTR · PI GRANGER, JOEY P. · 2016 to 2025
$38.2M
Role of obesity in preeclamptic pregnancy.P20GM121334 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF MISSISSIPPI MED CTR · PI Babbette LaMarca, Jane F Reckelhoff · 2017 to 2026
$26.4M
The role of leptin in autoimmune-associated hypertensionP20GM104357 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF MISSISSIPPI MED CTR · PI TAYLOR, ERIN BASSFORD · 2013 to 2022
$23.4M
Long-term consequences of parental obesity on developmental programming of cardiorenal diseases in offspringR01DK121411 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF MISSISSIPPI MED CTR · PI DO CARMO, JUSSARA M. · 2019 to 2021
$818k
Mechanisms of Synergistic Interactions of Hypertension and Diabetes in Promoting Kidney InjuryR00DK113280 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF MISSISSIPPI MED CTR · PI WANG, ZHEN · 2018 to 2020
$747k
NHLBI NIH HHS P01 HL051971NIDDK NIH HHS R00 DK113280NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK121411NIGMS NIH HHS P20 GM104357NIGMS NIH HHS P20 GM121334NIGMS NIH HHS U54 GM115428
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Obesity contributes 65-75% of the risk for human primary (essential) hypertension (HT) which is a major driver of cardiovascular and kidney diseases. Kidney dysfunction, associated with increased renal sodium reabsorption and compensatory glomerular hyperfiltration, plays a key role in initiating obesity-HT and target organ injury. Mediators of kidney dysfunction and increased blood pressure include (i) elevated renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA); (ii) increased antinatriuretic hormones such as angiotensin II and aldosterone; (iii) relative deficiency of natriuretic hormones; (iv) renal compression by fat in and around the kidneys; and (v) activation of innate and adaptive immune cells that invade tissues throughout the body, producing inflammatory cytokines/chemokines that contribute to vascular and target organ injury, and exacerbate HT. These neurohormonal, renal, and inflammatory mechanisms of obesity-HT are interdependent. For example, excess adiposity increases the adipocyte-derived cytokine leptin which increases RSNA by stimulating the central nervous system proopiomelanocortin-melanocortin 4 receptor pathway. Excess visceral, perirenal and renal sinus fat compress the kidneys which, along with increased RSNA, contribute to renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system activation, although obesity may also activate mineralocorticoid receptors independent of aldosterone. Prolonged obesity, HT, metabolic abnormalities, and inflammation cause progressive renal injury, making HT more resistant to therapy and often requiring multiple antihypertensive drugs and concurrent treatment of dyslipidaemia, insulin resistance, diabetes, and inflammation. More effective anti-obesity drugs are needed to prevent the cascade of cardiorenal, metabolic, and immune disorders that threaten to overwhelm health care systems as obesity prevalence continues to increase.

Indexed as

Blood PressureAdiposityAnimalsEssential HypertensionHormonesHumansInflammationInflammation MediatorsInsulin ResistanceKidneyKidney DiseasesObesityRenin-Angiotensin SystemRisk FactorsSympathetic Nervous SystemHormonesInflammation MediatorsAdiposeBlood pressureChronic kidney diseaseImmune cellsLeptinMelanocortinsRenin–angiotensin–aldosterone systemSympathetic activity

Identifiers

PMID33258945
PMCPMC8262632
OpenAlexW3107928135

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.