ArticleClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2020
Typhoid and Paratyphoid Cost of Illness in Nepal: Patient and Health Facility Costs From the Surveillance for Enteric Fever in Asia Project II.
Article in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed.
- Examining epidemiological models and economic analyses of typhoid conjugate vaccine: A scoping review.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Microarray patch vaccines for typhoid conjugate vaccines: A global cost-effectiveness analysis.Vaccine · 2025Article
- Incidence, antimicrobial susceptibility & out of pocket expenditure of severe enteric fever in Chandigarh, north India.The Indian journal of medical research · 2024Article
- Cost-effectiveness and public health impact of typhoid conjugate vaccine introduction strategies in Bangladesh.Vaccine · 2024Article
- The cost of typhoid illness in low- and middle-income countries, a scoping review of the literature.PloS one · 2024Article
- Typhoid fever.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2023Review
- Delivery cost of the first public sector introduction of typhoid conjugate vaccine in Navi Mumbai, India.PLOS global public health · 2023Article
- Incidence of typhoid and paratyphoid fever in Bangladesh, Nepal, and Pakistan: results of the Surveillance for Enteric Fever in Asia Project.The Lancet. Global health · 2022Article
- Cost of Illness Due to Severe Enteric Fever in India.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2021Article
- Typhoid and Paratyphoid Cost of Illness in Pakistan: Patient and Health Facility Costs From the Surveillance for Enteric Fever in Asia Project II.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2020Article
- Introducing Typhoid Conjugate Vaccine in South Asia: Lessons From the Surveillance for Enteric Fever in Asia Project.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2020Article
- Typhoid and Paratyphoid Cost of Illness in Bangladesh: Patient and Health Facility Costs From the Surveillance for Enteric Fever in Asia Project II.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2020Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundEnteric fever is endemic in Nepal and its economic burden is unknown. The objective of this study was to estimate the cost of illness due to enteric fever (typhoid and paratyphoid) at selected sites in Nepal.
methodsWe implemented a study at 2 hospitals in Nepal to estimate the cost per case of enteric fever from the perspectives of patients, caregivers, and healthcare providers. We collected direct medical, nonmedical, and indirect costs per blood culture-confirmed case incurred by patients and their caregivers from illness onset until after enrollment and 6 weeks later. We estimated healthcare provider direct medical economic costs based on quantities and prices of resources used to diagnose and treat enteric fever, and procedure frequencies received at these facilities by enrolled patients. We collected costs in Nepalese rupees and converted them into 2018 US dollars.
resultsWe collected patient and caregiver cost of illness information for 395 patients, with a median cost of illness per case of $59.99 (IQR, $24.04-$151.23). Median direct medical and nonmedical costs per case represented ~3.5% of annual individual labor income. From the healthcare provider perspective, the average direct medical economic cost per case was $79.80 (range, $71.54 [hospital B], $93.43 [hospital A]).
conclusionsEnteric fever can impose a considerable economic burden on patients, caregivers, and health facilities in Nepal. These new estimates of enteric fever cost of illness can improve evaluation and modeling of the costs and benefits of enteric fever-prevention measures.
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