Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33258890›Full record

Trial reportJAMA2020

Effect of Cannabidiol and Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol on Driving Performance: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Thomas R Arkell, Frederick Vinckenbosch, Richard C Kevin, Eef L Theunissen, Iain S McGregor, Johannes G Ramaekers

Registry-linked trialOpen access · bronzeAbstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in JAMA, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07176208 (Dose Ranging Clinical Study to Evaluate the Effects of Oral Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol), which is not on this map. Cited by 72 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
72citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
17.7field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT07176208 phase1recruitingnot on this mapstarted 2025, after this paper: background citation

Dose Ranging Clinical Study to Evaluate the Effects of Oral Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) With and Without Alcohol on Perception and Driving Performance in Healthy Adults

TypeinterventionalSponsorFood and Drug Administration (FDA)Ran2025 to 2026Enrolled48ConditionsCannabis, Drug Effects, Driving PerformanceArms5 mg Dronabinol (Marinol®) + Placebo Beverage, 10 mg Dronabinol (Marinol®) + Placebo Beverage, 5 mg Dronabinol (Marinol®) + Alcohol Beverage, 10 mg Dronabinol (Marinol®) + Alcohol Beverage, Placebo Capsule + Alcohol Beverage
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

72 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 169 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Does acute cannabidiol (CBD) use impair performance? A meta-analysis and comparison with placebo and delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC).Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2024
    Pooled it
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  4. Cannabis Use and Car Crashes: A Review.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2021
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  8. Detection of ΔDrug testing and analysis · 2024
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  15. Effect of CannEpilJournal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) · 2023
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12 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Thomas R ArkellLambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Frederick VinckenboschFaculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
Richard C KevinLambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Eef L TheunissenFaculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
Iain S McGregorLambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Johannes G RamaekersFaculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
Maastricht University · NLUniversity of Sydney · AU

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Importance: Cannabis use has been associated with increased crash risk, but the effect of cannabidiol (CBD) on driving is unclear. Objective: To determine the driving impairment caused by vaporized cannabis containing Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and CBD. Design, Setting, and Participants: A double-blind, within-participants, randomized clinical trial was conducted at the Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience at Maastricht University in the Netherlands between May 20, 2019, and March 27, 2020. Participants (N = 26) were healthy occasional users of cannabis. Interventions: Participants vaporized THC-dominant, CBD-dominant, THC/CBD-equivalent, and placebo cannabis. THC and CBD doses were 13.75 mg. Order of conditions was randomized and balanced. Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary end point was standard deviation of lateral position (SDLP; a measure of lane weaving) during 100 km, on-road driving tests that commenced at 40 minutes and 240 minutes after cannabis consumption. At a calibrated blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of 0.02%, SDLP was increased relative to placebo by 1.12 cm, and at a calibrated BAC of 0.05%, SDLP was increased relative to placebo by 2.4 cm. Results: Among 26 randomized participants (mean [SD] age, 23.2 [2.6] years; 16 women), 22 (85%) completed all 8 driving tests. At 40 to 100 minutes following consumption, the SDLP was 18.21 cm with CBD-dominant cannabis, 20.59 cm with THC-dominant cannabis, 21.09 cm with THC/CBD-equivalent cannabis, and 18.28 cm with placebo cannabis. SDLP was significantly increased by THC-dominant cannabis (+2.33 cm [95% CI, 0.80 to 3.86]; P < .001) and THC/CBD-equivalent cannabis (+2.83 cm [95% CI, 1.28 to 4.39]; P < .001) but not CBD-dominant cannabis (-0.05 cm [95% CI, -1.49 to 1.39]; P > .99), relative to placebo. At 240 to 300 minutes following consumption, the SDLP was 19.03 cm with CBD-dominant cannabis, 19.88 cm with THC-dominant cannabis, 20.59 cm with THC/CBD-equivalent cannabis, and 19.37 cm with placebo cannabis. The SDLP did not differ significantly in the CBD (-0.34 cm [95% CI, -1.77 to 1.10]; P > .99), THC (0.51 cm [95% CI, -1.01 to 2.02]; P > .99) or THC/CBD (1.22 cm [95% CI, -0.29 to 2.72]; P = .20) conditions, relative to placebo. Out of 188 test drives, 16 (8.5%) were terminated due to safety concerns. Conclusions and Relevance: In a crossover clinical trial that assessed driving performance during on-road driving tests, the SDLP following vaporized THC-dominant and THC/CBD-equivalent cannabis compared with placebo was significantly greater at 40 to 100 minutes but not 240 to 300 minutes after vaporization; there were no significant differences between CBD-dominant cannabis and placebo. However, the effect size for CBD-dominant cannabis may not have excluded clinically important impairment, and the doses tested may not represent common usage. Trial Registration: EU Clinical Trials Register: 2018-003945-40.

Indexed as

Driving Under the InfluenceAdultAutomobile Driver ExaminationCannabidiolCognitionCross-Over StudiesDouble-Blind MethodDronabinolFemaleHealthy VolunteersHumansMalePsychomotor PerformanceVapingYoung AdultCannabidiolDronabinol

Identifiers

PMID33258890
PMCPMC7709000
OpenAlexW3108259929

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.