ArticleClinical and experimental dental research2021
Low education is associated with poor periodontal status in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A cross-sectional study.
Article in Clinical and experimental dental research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 3 citations in OpenAlex.
- Assessment of radiographic and periodontal status among obese patients with and without type-2 diabetes and systemically healthy subjects.Acta odontologica Scandinavica · 2025Article
- Relationship Between Low Education and Poor Periodontal Status among Mexican Adults Aged ≥50 Years.Oral health & preventive dentistry · 2024Article
- Establishment of models to predict factors influencing periodontitis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.World journal of diabetes · 2023Article
- Low education is associated with poor periodontal status in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A cross-sectional study.Clinical and experimental dental research · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 8 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesCardiovascular disease remains the most common cause of death in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Because periodontitis is a risk factor of cardiovascular disease, identification of risk factors of periodontitis is valuable to control periodontitis effectively. The purpose of this study was to examine the association of education and household income with periodontal status in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
methodsParticipants were 2,436 patients (59.8% male, aged 29-93 years) with type 2 diabetes mellitus from 27 medical clinics. Participants' medical records and information about education, household income, general health status, and health behaviors were collected. Periodontal status was assessed in a nearby dental office. Multiple linear regression analyses and ordered logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the association of periodontal parameters with education and household income after adjusting for age, sex, general health status, and health behaviors.
resultsMultiple linear regression analysis showed that mean probing pocket depth was not significantly associated with education and household income. Ordered logistic regression analyses showed statistically significant odds ratios (ORs) of junior high school (reference: university) for the tertiles of the percentage of sites with bleeding on probing (OR: 1.42; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.11-1.81), percentage of mobile teeth (OR: 1.58; 95% CI: 1.24-2.03), and number of teeth present (OR: 0.51; 95% CI: 0.39-0.65), and statistically significant odds ratios of high school (reference: university) for the tertiles of the percentage of mobile teeth (OR: 1.27; 95% CI: 1.06-1.51) and number of teeth present (OR: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.62-0.88), but not household income.
conclusionsThese results suggest that low education is one of the important predictors of poor periodontal status in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. It is important to provide targeted interventions including periodontal education in junior high school.
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