ArticleJournal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology : JARO2021
Characterization of the Sheep Round Window Membrane.
Article in Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology : JARO, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The ovine temporal bone for otologic surgery training: a systematic review.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2026Pooled it
- The effect of 5% and 10% povidone-iodine antiseptic concentrations on postoperative sensorineural hearing loss in tympanoplasty: a triple-blind randomized clinical trial.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2025Trial
- Comparison of Inner Ear Volume Between Humans and Sheep Using MRI.Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology : JARO · 2025Article
- Normative Values of Brainstem Auditory-Evoked Responses in Sheep.Brain sciences · 2025Article
- The Development of Inner Ear Membrane Analog for Experimental Otorhinolaryngology.Sovremennye tekhnologii v meditsine · 2025Article
- Hampshire Sheep as a Large-Animal Model for Cochlear Implantation.Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology : JARO · 2024Article
- Sheep as a large animal model for hearing research: comparison to common laboratory animals and humans.Laboratory animal research · 2023Review
- Sheep as a Large-Animal Model for Otology Research: Temporal Bone Extraction and Transmastoid Facial Recess Surgical Approach.Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology : JARO · 2023Article
- Sonoporation of the Round Window Membrane on a Sheep Model: A Safety Study.Pharmaceutics · 2023Article
- Cochlear implants: Causes, effects and mitigation strategies for the foreign body response and inflammation.Hearing research · 2022Review
- Immediate-Early Modifications to the Metabolomic Profile of the Perilymph Following an Acoustic Trauma in a Sheep Model.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Intratympanic injection is a clinically used approach to locally deliver therapeutic molecules to the inner ear. Drug diffusion, at least in part, is presumed to occur through the round window membrane (RWM), one of the two openings to the inner ear. Previous studies in human temporal bones have identified a three-layered structure of the RWM with a thickness of 70-100 μm. This is considerably thicker than the RWM in rodents, which are mostly used to model RWM permeability and assess drug uptake. The sheep has been suggested as a large animal model for inner ear research given the similarities in structure and frequency range for hearing. Here, we report the structure of the sheep RWM. The RWM is anchored within the round window niche (average vertical diameter of 2.1 ± 0.3 mm and horizontal diameter of 2.3 ± 0.4 mm) and has a curvature that leans towards the scala tympani. The centre of the RWM is the thinnest (55-71 μm), with increasing thickness towards the edges (< 171 μm), where the RWM forms tight attachments to the surrounding bony niche. The layered RWM structure, including an outer epithelial layer, middle connective tissue and inner epithelial layer, was identified with cellular features such as wavy fibre bundles, melanocytes and blood vessels. An attached "meshwork structure" which extends over the cochlear aqueduct was seen, as in humans. The striking anatomical similarities between sheep and human RWM suggest that sheep may be evaluated as a more appropriate system to predict RWM permeability and drug delivery in humans than rodent models.
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