ArticlePreventive medicine reports2020
The association between statewide vaping prevalence and COVID-19.
Article in Preventive medicine reports, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 55 citations in OpenAlex.
- Identifying Promising Themes for Adolescent Vaping Warnings: A National Experiment.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2022Trial
- Vaping nicotine is associated with increased medically-attended COVID-19 in women of reproductive age in an integrated health system.Journal of thoracic disease · 2025Article
- Chronic airway inflammatory diseases and e-cigarette use: a review of health risks and mechanisms.European journal of medical research · 2025Review
- Multi-centre Study of Vaping Effects on COVID-19 Presentations in Western Sydney Australia.Cureus · 2024Article
- Does vaping increase the likelihood of SARS-CoV-2 infection? Paradoxically yes and no.American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology · 2024Article
- Article
- Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS) use Among Members of a Community Engagement Program.Journal of community health · 2023Article
- Tobacco product use and the risks of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19: current understanding and recommendations for future research.The Lancet. Respiratory medicine · 2022Review
- Changes in marijuana and nicotine vaping perceptions and use behaviors among young adults since the COVID-19 pandemic: A qualitative study.Addictive behaviors reports · 2022Article
- E-Cigarette Toxicology.Annual review of pharmacology and toxicology · 2022Review
- The Association of Electronic Cigarette Use With SARS-CoV-2 Infection and COVID-19 Disease Severity.Tobacco use insights · 2022Article
- E-Cigarette Use: Device Market, Study Design, and Emerging Evidence of Biological Consequences.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Ripple Collision of Three Epidemics: Vaping, Opioid Use, and COVID-19.Addiction & health · 2021Article
- Article
- Novel Pharmacotherapies in Parkinson's Disease.Neurotoxicity research · 2021Review
- The consequential impact of JUUL on youth vaping and the landscape of tobacco products: The state of play in the COVID-19 era.Preventive medicine reports · 2021Review
- Machine Learning-Based Nicotine Addiction Prediction Models for Youth E-Cigarette and Waterpipe (Hookah) Users.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Article
- Analytical methods for the identification of micro/nano metals in e-cigarette emission samples: a review.Chemicke zvesti · 2021Review
- Electronic Cigarette Use Is Not Associated with COVID-19 Diagnosis.Journal of primary care & community healthArticle
- Racial and ethnic differences in distress, discrimination, substance use coping, and nicotine use among parents during COVID-19.Journal of ethnicity in substance abuseArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Existing literature indicated electronic cigarette users (vapers) have impaired immune response that might increase vulnerability to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection and death. However, whether vapers are more susceptible to COVID-19 is unknown. Using integrated data in each US state from the 2018 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), United States Census Bureau and the 1Point3Acres.com website, generalized estimating equation (GEE) models with negative binomial distribution assumption and log link functions were used to examine the association of statewide e-cigarette use prevalence with number of COVID-19 cases and deaths in the US on a state level from January 21, 2020 to April 25, 2020. The weighted proportion of vapers who used e-cigarettes every day or some days ranged from 2.86% to 6.42% for US states. Statistically significant associations were observed between the weighted proportion of vapers and number of COVID-19 cases as well as COVID-19 deaths in the US after adjusting for the weighted proportion of smokers and other significant covariates in the GEE models. With every one percent increase in weighted proportion of vapers in each state, the number of COVID-19 cases increase by 0.3139 (95% CI: 0.0554-0.5723) and the number of COVID-19 deaths increase by 0.3730 (95% CI: 0.0815-0.6646) in log scale in each US state. The positive associations between the proportion of vapers and the number of COVID-19 cases and deaths in each US state in this ecological study suggest an increased susceptibility of vapers to COVID-19 on a state level and warrants further investigation.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.