ArticleThe International journal on drug policy2021
Assisted injection provider practices and motivations in Los Angeles and San Francisco California 2016-18.
Article in The International journal on drug policy, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 4 citations in OpenAlex.
- Characteristics of People Who Inject Drugs Approached for Injection Assistance in Rural Kentucky.Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs · 2026Article
- Patterns of drug and sexual HIV transmission risk behaviors: A latent class analyses of men and women who inject drugs and are living with HIV in Kazakhstan.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2025Article
- The association of gender with receptive and distributive needle sharing among individuals who inject drugs.Harm reduction journal · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAssisted injection is a high-risk and common practice among people who inject drugs (PWID) and occurs for diverse reasons according to qualitative research. To develop interventions for reducing assisted injection risks, it is important to understand the practices of PWID who provide injection assistance, including their motivations for providing assistance.
methodsUsing follow-up data from an efficacy trial among PWID recruited in Los Angeles and San Francisco, CA (n=601), we present descriptive statistics on motivations for providing injection assistance and use multivariable logistic regression modelling to examine factors associated with these motivations.
resultsPWID provided injection assistance most commonly to friends and acquaintances. A quarter provided assistance on a daily basis. The most common motivations for providing assistance were skill and injury prevention. PWID also provided assistance to stop pestering and for compensation in money or drugs. In separate models examining factors associated with the five main motivations, we found injury prevention to be associated with skill injecting others, neck injection, methamphetamine use, and recycling income. Pestering was associated with injury prevention, neck and hand injection, speedball use, and syringe selling. Skill was associated with injury prevention, neck and hand injection, being physically assaulted, and age. Providing assistance for money was associated with providing assistance for food or drugs, armpit injections, being female, and providing assistance more frequently. Providing assistance for drugs was associated with compensation in food or money, goofball injection, selling drugs, and panhandling.
conclusionProviding injection assistance is associated with injection needs of recipients and drug scene participation. We urgently need new interventions for reducing assisted injection risks. Since injection providers report being motivated by skill and to prevent injury, interventions such as training in safer injection techniques are likely to be met with enthusiasm.
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