ArticleBMC women's health2020
Demand- and supply-side factors associated with the use of contraceptive methods in Pakistan: a comparative study of demographic and health surveys, 1990-2018.
Article in BMC women's health, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Women's family planning status in Ethiopia: A geo-additive modeling approach.Global epidemiology · 2026Article
- The effect of an educational campaign on contraception seeking in Northern Nigeria: an interrupted time series analysis using routine health information system data.Health policy and planning · 2026Article
- Article
- Article
- Predictors of voluntary uptake of modern contraceptive methods in rural Sindh, Pakistan.PLOS global public health · 2024Article
- What do outlet's and provider's characteristics mean for family planning consumers? A comparative study of Kenya, Nigeria and Uganda.BMC women's health · 2023Article
- Review
- The association of intimate partner violence and contraceptive use: a multi-country analysis of demographic and health surveys.International journal for equity in health · 2023Article
- Unmet Family Planning Need Globally: A Clarion Call for Sharpening Current Research Frame Works.Open access journal of contraception · 2023Article
- Household Structure and Contraceptive Use in Nigeria.Frontiers in global women's health · 2022Article
- Knowledge and practices of modern contraceptives among religious minority (Muslim) women: A cross-sectional study from Southern Nepal.PloS one · 2022Article
- Exploring Readiness for Birth Control in Improving Women Health Status: Factors Influencing the Adoption of Modern Contraceptives Methods for Family Planning Practices.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundA remarkable decline in fertility rates has been observed in many countries, with a primary determinant being an increase in the use of contraceptives. However, the birth rate in Pakistan is still higher compared to the other countries of the region. Therefore, this study aims to assess the effect of demand- and supply-side factors associated with the use of contraceptive measures in Pakistan.
methodsSecondary data analysis of four data series of the Pakistan Demographic and Health Surveys (PDHS 1990-1991, 2006-2007, 2012-2013 and 2017-2018) were used. The data includes ever-married women aged 15-49 years who had given birth in the previous five years and participated in the family planning module of the PDHS. A total of 25,318 women were included in the analysis. Data were analysed by investigating the associations between independent variables (demand- and supply-side factors) and the use of contraceptive measures through unadjusted odds ratios (OR) and adjusted OR (AOR).
resultsThe results among demand-side factors indicated that in 2012-2013, women without media exposure were less likely to use contraceptives and the trend remains almost constant for 2017-2018 (AOR = 0.664, 95% CI 0.562-0.784) in 2012-2013 and (AOR = 0.654, 95% CI 0.483-0.885) in 2017-2018. However, they still show a lower likelihood of using contraceptives without media exposure. The results among supply-side factors indicated that absence of transport (2012-2013) and limited visits by family planning workers over the previous 12 months (2006-2007, 2012-2013 and 2017-2018) remained significant factors for not using contraceptive methods.
conclusionsThe results of the study indicate that certain demand- and supply-side factors are associated with the use of contraceptive measures in Pakistan. It highlights the need for the provision of family planning resources and further structural factors, particularly in remote areas.
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