ArticleBMC infectious diseases2020
Incidence and predictors of surgical site infection following cesarean section in North-west Ethiopia: a prospective cohort study.
Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Risk factors for surgical site infections following cesarean section in Ethiopia: umbrella review.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Pooled it
- Epidemiology of surgical site infections post-cesarean section in Africa: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Pooled it
- Surgical site infections after caesarean section across sub-Sahara Africa: a scoping review of prevalence and associated factors.Frontiers in global women's health · 2025Pooled it
- Prevalence, risk factors, and antimicrobial resistance of endemic healthcare-associated infections in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Pooled it
- Surgical site infection following cesarean section and its predictors in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2024Pooled it
- The incidence of surgical site infection and its predictors among women delivered via cesarean sections in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Epidemiology of Surgical Site Infections: Incidence and Risk Factors at Jimma University Specialized and Comprehensive Hospital, Ethiopia.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Surgical site infection and associated factors among women who underwent cesarean delivery at Gandhi Memorial Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Article
- Predictors of surgical site infections following cesarean delivery in public hospitals of West Ethiopia: A cohort study.PloS one · 2026Article
- To Study Prevalence and Factors Affecting Surgical Site Infections Among Surgical Gastroenterological Patients at Tertiary Care Premier Teaching Institute of North India.Journal of pharmacy & bioallied sciences · 2025Article
- Predictors of post caesarean section surgical site infection and referral pattern for caesarean section in a tribal dominant and resource constraint tertiary level health care Center of Central India.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Article
- Demographic profile, unplanned status and intraoperative situations increase surgical site infection in cesarean delivery: conclusions from a prospective study in central India.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Incidence and risk factors of surgical site infection following cesarean section: a prospective cohort study at Jimma university medical center.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- The Incidence and Risk Factors of Surgical Site Infection Following Cesarean Section.Nursing research and practice · 2025Article
- RETRACTED: Risk factors related to surgical wound infection after caesarean section: A systematic review and meta-analysis.International wound journal · 2024Article
- A simple predictive model for puerperal infections: emphasizing risk factors and pathogen analysis.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Article
- Effect of preoperative hospital stay on surgical site infection in Chinese cranial neurosurgery.BMC neurology · 2023Observational
- Factors associated with successful vaginal birth after one lower uterine transverse cesarean section delivery.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Predictors of surgical site infection among women following cesarean delivery in eastern Ethiopia: a prospective cohort study.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2023Article
- Incidence and determinants of nosocomial infection among hospital admitted adult chronic disease patients in University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, North-West Ethiopia, 2016-2020.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundFollowing delivery by caesarean section, surgical site infection is the most common infectious complication. Despite a large number of caesarean sections performed at Debre Markos Referral Hospital, there was no study documenting the incidence of surgical site infection after caesarean section. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate the incidence of surgical site infection following caesarean section at Debre-Markos Referral Hospital in Amhara region, North-west Ethiopia.
methodsA prospective cohort study was conducted among 520 pregnant women who had a caesarean section between March 28, 2019 and August 31, 2019. Preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative data were collected using a standardized questionnaire. Data was entered using EpiData™ Entry Version 4.1 software and analyzed using R Version 3.6.1 software. A descriptive analysis was conducted using tables, interquartile ranges and median. The time to development of surgical site infection was estimated using Kaplan-Meier method. The Cox regression model for bivariable and multivariable analyses was done. Adjusted Hazard Ratio (AHR) with 95% Confidence Interval (CI) was reported to show the strength of association.
resultThe mean age of the study cohort was 27.4 ± 4.8 years. The overall cumulative incidence of surgical site infection was 25.4% with an incidence of 11.7 (95% CI:9.8,13.9) per 1000 person/days. Not able to read and write (AHR = 1.30,95% CI:1.19,2.11), no antenatal care (AHR = 2.16, 95%CI:1.05,4.53), previous history of CS (AHR = 1.21, 95% CI:1.11,2.31), HIV positive (AHR = 1.39, 95% CI:1.21,2.57), emergency procedure (AHR = 1.13, 95% CI:1.11,2.43), vertical type of incision (AHR = 2.60, 95% CI:1.05,6.44), rupture of membrane (AHR = 1.50, 95% CI:1.31,1.64), multiple vaginal examination (AHR = 1.88, 95% CI: 1.71, 3.20) were significant predictors of surgical site infection in this study.
conclusionThis study concluded that the incidence of surgical site infection following caesarean section was relatively high compared to previous studies. Not able to read and write, have no ante natal care, previous history of caesarean section, HIV, emergency surgery, vertical type of incision, rupture of membranes before caesarean section, and multiple vaginal examinations were significant predictors of surgical site infection in this study. Therefore, intervention programs should focus on and address the identified factors to minimize and prevent the infection rate after caesarean section.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.