Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33256510›Full record

ArticleJournal of interpersonal violence2022

Stigma Experienced by Transgender Women of Color in Their Dating and Romantic Relationships: Implications for Gender-based Violence Prevention Programs.

Kristi E Gamarel, Laura Jadwin-Cakmak, Wesley M King, Ashley Lacombe-Duncan, Racquelle Trammell, Lilianna A Reyes, Cierra Burks, Bré Rivera, Emily Arnold, Gary W Harper

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of interpersonal violence, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
32citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
6.7field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

32 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 64 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Trial
  3. The lived experience of trans persons: a bottom-up review co-written by experts by experience and academics.World psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA) · 2026
    Article
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  6. A mixed-methods investigation of firearm experiences among sexual and gender minority young adults of color in Detroit.Annals of behavioral medicine : a publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine · 2026
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  11. Intersectional structural oppression as a fundamental cause: Reflections on implementing a medical-legal partnership project.Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association · 2025
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  20. Stigma, social and structural vulnerability, and mental health among transgender women: A partial least square path modeling analysis.Journal of nursing scholarship : an official publication of Sigma Theta Tau International Honor Society of Nursing · 2024
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Kristi E GamarelUniversity of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-9405-7515
Laura Jadwin-CakmakUniversity of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Wesley M KingUniversity of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-4135-1603
Ashley Lacombe-DuncanUniversity of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-9023-8877
Racquelle TrammellUniversity of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Lilianna A ReyesTrans Sistas of Color Project, Detroit, MI, USA.
Cierra BurksTrans Sistas of Color Project, Detroit, MI, USA.
Bré RiveraTrans Sistas of Color Project, Detroit, MI, USA.
Emily ArnoldUniversity of California, San Francisco, USA.
Gary W HarperUniversity of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
University of Michigan · USUniversity of California, San Francisco · US

Funding

Scientific/Technical CoreP2CHD041028 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI Sarah A. Burgard · 2017 to 2026
$6.5M
Training Program for Scientists Conducting Research to Reduce HIV Health DisparitR25MH067127 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI Emily A Arnold, Torsten Brian Neilands · 2003 to 2026
$5.4M
A multicomponent intervention to address gender-based violence in HIV prevention for womenR21MH123218 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI GAMAREL, KRISTI E · 2020 to 2021
$443k
Addressing violence and HIV cascade of care outcomes among transgender womenR21MH121974 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI GAMAREL, KRISTI E · 2020 to 2021
$404k
NICHD NIH HHS P2C HD041028NIMH NIH HHS R21 MH121974NIMH NIH HHS R21 MH123218NIMH NIH HHS R25 MH067127
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Although transgender women of color, specifically Black and Latina experience gender-based violence in a variety of contexts, one of the most consistently reported is from a dating or romantic partner. This qualitative study sought to understand the manifestations and consequences of stigma experienced by transgender women of color in their dating or romantic relationships. Between January and February 2019, we purposively recruited 33 transgender women of color to participate in five focus group discussions and complete a brief survey. We employed both inductive and deductive approaches to coding and thematic analysis. We identified different forms of anti-transgender interpersonal stigma experienced by transgender women of color seeking romantic relationships and by those in romantic relationships. For those dating and seeking relationships, anti-transgender interpersonal stigma took the form of dehumanizing stereotypes and sexual objectification. While these manifestations of anti-transgender interpersonal stigma persisted for some within relationships, concealment behaviors from partners was the predominant type of anti-transgender interpersonal stigma. Each of these forms of anti-transgender interpersonal stigma had significant gender-based violence consequences, specifically encountering physical violence, experiencing psychological trauma, and engaging in survival strategies. In the current climate of COVID-19, which is exacerbating risks of gender-based violence, there is an urgent need to understand and address the nuanced manifestations of stigma in relationships and their consequences on the lives of transgender women of color. Culturally grounded gender-based violence prevention policies and programs with transgender women should address these forms of stigma and build on community strengths. Findings also highlight the importance of future research and gender-based violence prevention programming with cisgender men in/seeking partnerships with transgender women of color.

Indexed as

Gender-Based ViolenceSocial StigmaTransgender PersonsBlack or African AmericanFemaleHispanic or LatinoHumansMalecultural contextsdomestic violenceGLBTqualitativestigmatransgender women

Identifiers

PMID33256510
PMCPMC8164638
OpenAlexW3108153049

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.