ArticleMedical decision making : an international journal of the Society for Medical Decision Making2021
Selecting Bolt-on Dimensions for the EQ-5D: Testing the Impact of Hearing, Sleep, Cognition, Energy, and Relationships on Preferences Using Pairwise Choices.
Article in Medical decision making : an international journal of the Society for Medical Decision Making, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Evolving Landscape of Discrete Choice Experiments in Health Economics: A Systematic Review.PharmacoEconomics · 2025Pooled it
- A qualitative systematic review of the impact of hearing on quality of life.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2025Pooled it
- Health state utility estimates for value assessments of novel treatments in Huntington's disease: a systematic literature review.Health and quality of life outcomes · 2024Pooled it
- Measurement properties of the EQ-5D in populations with a mean age of ≥ 75 years: a systematic review.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2023Pooled it
- Estimation of an EORTC QLU-C10 Value Set for Spain Using a Discrete Choice Experiment.PharmacoEconomics · 2021Trial
- Psychometric benefits of adding four bolt-ons (skin irritation, self-confidence, social relationships and sleep) to EQ-5D-5L compared to PROMIS-29 and Skindex-16 in patients with psoriasis and atopic dermatitis.The European journal of health economics : HEPAC : health economics in prevention and care · 2026Article
- Preference-based scoring algorithm to estimate societal utilities based on the patient-reported experience of cognitive impairment in schizophrenia (PRECIS) instrument.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2026Article
- A direct comparison of the measurement properties of the PROMIS-16 and EQ-5D-5L in the U.S. general population.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2026Article
- Psychometric validation of a cognition and social participation bolt-on for the EQ-5D-5L in SARS-CoV-2 infected German healthcare workers.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2026Article
- Testing culturally relevant EQ-5D-5L bolt-ons for the Chinese general population: first quantitative phase of a mixed methods study.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2026Article
- Validity of EQ-5D-5L breathing and cognition bolt-ons in non-hospitalized patients after COVID-19.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2026Article
- EuroQol data for assessment of population health needs and instrument evaluation (EQ-DAPHNIE): a study for enhancing population health assessment.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2025Article
- Measuring and Valuing Health Using EuroQol Instruments: New Developments 2025 and Beyond.Applied health economics and health policy · 2025Review
- Valuation of cognition bolt-ons for EQ-5D-5L in Japan: A comparative analysis of scaling factor and conventional models.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2025Article
- Identifying and developing culturally relevant EQ-5D-5L bolt-on items for Chinese population: qualitative phase of a mixed-methods study.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2025Article
- Psychometric benefits of adding bolt-ons to the EQ-5D-5L in populations undergoing minimally invasive cosmetic procedures.The European journal of health economics : HEPAC : health economics in prevention and care · 2025Article
- Psychometric testing of two respiratory bolt-on items to EQ-5D-5L in patients with obstructive airway diseases.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2025Article
- Developing and testing a patient-reported outcome measure for patients with sleep disturbances using EQ-5D and condition-specific bolt-ons: a mixed method study.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2025Article
- Testing four cognition bolt-on items to the EQ-5D in a general Chinese population.The European journal of health economics : HEPAC : health economics in prevention and care · 2025Article
- Exploring potential EQ-5D bolt-on dimensions with a qualitative approach: an interview study in Hong Kong SAR, China.Health and quality of life outcomes · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundGeneric preference-based measures (GPBMs) such as the EQ-5D are valid across many conditions, but in some cases, "bolting on" additional dimensions may improve validity. The selection of "bolt-ons" has been based on the psychometric impact of individual dimensions, but preferences provide another important way to select them. This study aims to test the potential of using pairwise choices to inform the selection of bolt-ons for the EQ-5D-5L.
methodsGeneral population preferences were collected using an online survey of 1040 UK residents. Three EQ-5D-5L health state pairs were selected based on pairs that had a 50:50 split in respondent preferences from a previous pairwise survey. Participants were presented with pairwise choices of EQ-5D-5L health states without and with bolt-ons of hearing, sleep, cognition, energy, and relationships, each added individually. Logistic models were used to assess the impact of bolt-ons, as well as bolt-ons at different severity levels, on the log odds of responders choosing between health states.
resultsPreferences varied according to the bolt-ons and their severity level (only levels 1, 3, and 5 were used). Additions of bolt-ons at level 1 generally resulted in nonstatistically significant differences while additions of bolt-ons at level 3 and level 5 produced a negative and statistically significant impact on preferences for the health state with the bolt-on. At level 5, hearing had the largest impact, followed by cognition, relationships, energy, and sleep. At level 3, cognition produced the largest impact, followed by hearing and sleep with similar impacts, energy, and relationships. This ordering offers information for bolt-on selection, with hearing and cognition appearing as the most important. The weight placed on the different health problems is not constant across severity levels between bolt-ons.
conclusionsPairwise choices provide a cost-effective approach of generating information on preferences to support bolt-on selection.
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