ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2020
Autophagy Activation Protects Ocular Surface from Inflammation in a Dry Eye Model In Vitro.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 49 citations in OpenAlex.
- Random Forest Algorithm-Based Ultrasonic Image in the Diagnosis of Patients with Dry Eye Syndrome and Its Relationship with Tear Osmotic Pressure.Computational and mathematical methods in medicine · 2022Trial
- Pathological mechanisms of Sjögren's disease-related dry eye: from multiglandular dysfunction to ocular surface inflammation.International ophthalmology · 2026Review
- Inhibition of SGK1 Alleviates Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress in Dry Eye Disease by Activating FoxO3a-Mediated Autophagy.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Wild chrysanthemum essential oil alleviates dry eye disease by inhibiting NF-κB-mediated inflammation.Inflammopharmacology · 2026Article
- Autophagy in ocular diseases: from mechanisms to therapeutic potential.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- Advances in dry eye disease: from immunopathological mechanisms to emerging ophthalmic drug delivery systems.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
- Protective Effects of miR-16-5p and miR-142-3p on Inflammation and Autophagy in Human Corneal Epithelial Cells Under Hyperosmotic Stress In Vitro.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Cyclosporine A Ameliorates Inflammatory Responses in Dry Eye by Inactivating cGAS-STING Signaling Via the Initiation of Autophagy.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Hyperosmolarity-Induced Oxidative Stress Leads to Senescence in Human Corneal Epithelial Cells (HCEPC) via DNA Damage, Metabolic Disturbance and Mitophagy Decline.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Inhibition of Histone Methyltransferase G9a Activates Autophagy and Provides Protection in Dry Eye Disease.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Peptide DFCPPGFNTK Mitigates Dry Eye Pathophysiology by Suppressing Oxidative Stress, Apoptosis, Inflammation, and Autophagy: Evidence from In Vitro and In Vivo Models.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Article
- Evodiamine Promotes Autophagy and Alleviates Oxidative Stress in Dry Eye Disease Through the p53/mTOR Pathway.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Keeping an Eye Out for Autophagy in the Cornea: Sample Preparation for Single-Cell RNA-Sequencing.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2025Article
- Enhanced Everolimus Delivery: Development and Evaluation of a Nanosuspension Formulation.International journal of nanomedicine · 2025Article
- Establishment of human corneal epithelial organoids for ex vivo modelling dry eye disease.Cell proliferation · 2024Article
- Multidimensional immunotherapy for dry eye disease: current status and future directions.Frontiers in ophthalmology · 2024Review
- Comparative Analysis of the Osmoprotective Effects of Daily Disposable Contact Lens Packaging Solutions on Human Corneal Epithelial Cells.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2024Article
- Autophagy in dry eye disease: Therapeutic implications of autophagy modulators on the ocular surface.Indian journal of ophthalmology · 2023Review
- Dealing with the Persistent Pathogenic Issues of Dry Eye Disease: The Importance of External and Internal Stimuli and Tissue Responses.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- An Overview of the Dry Eye Disease in Sjögren's Syndrome Using Our Current Molecular Understanding.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Inflammation is the main pathophysiology of dry eye, characterized by tear film instability and hyperosmolarity. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of inflammation and cellular autophagy using an in vitro dry eye model with primary cultured human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs). Primary HCECs cultured with fresh limbal explants from donors were switched to a hyperosmotic medium (450 mOsM) by adding sodium chloride into the culture medium. We observed the stimulated inflammatory mediators, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8, as well as the increased expression of autophagy related genes, Ulk1, Beclin1, Atg5 and LC3B, as evaluated by RT-qPCR and ELISA. The immunofluorescent staining of LC3B and Western blotting revealed the activated autophagosome formation and autophagic flux, as evidenced by the increased LC3B autophagic cells with activated Beclin1, Atg5, Atg7 and LC3B proteins, and the decreased levels of P62 protein in HCECs. Interestingly, the autophagy activation was later at 24 h than inflammation induced at 4 h in HCECs exposed to 450 mOsM. Furthermore, application of rapamycin enhanced autophagy activation also reduced the inflammatory mediators and restored cell viability in HCECs exposed to the hyperosmotic medium. Our findings for the first time demonstrate that the autophagy activation is a late phase response to hyperosmotic stress, and is enhanced by rapamycin, which protects HCECs by suppressing inflammation and promoting cells survival, suggesting a new therapeutic potential to treat dry eye diseases.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.