ReviewAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)2020
Antimicrobial Secretions of Toads (Anura, Bufonidae): Bioactive Extracts and Isolated Compounds against Human Pathogens.
Review in Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Spatial organization of cutaneous microbiomes reveals putative microbial contributions to host chemical defenses in the American toad.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis as a biocontrol agent against phytopathogens causing rice bacterial leaf blight.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Natural Compounds as Antimicrobial Agents-2nd Edition.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Rapid expansion and specialization of the TAS2R bitter taste receptor family in amphibians.PLoS genetics · 2025Article
- Pharmacological insights and role of bufalin (bufadienolides) in inflammation modulation: a narrative review.Inflammopharmacology · 2024Review
- Biochemical Characterisation andTropical life sciences research · 2024Article
- Toxins from Animal Venoms as a Potential Source of Antimalarials: A Comprehensive Review.Toxins · 2023Review
- Identification of Protein Quality Markers in Toad Venom fromMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Antimicrobial Compounds from Skin Secretions of Species That Belong to the Bufonidae Family.Toxins · 2023Review
- Augmented wound healing potential of photosensitive GelMA hydrogel incorporating antimicrobial peptides and MXene nanoparticles.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Species of the family Bufonidae, better known as true toads, are widespread and produce bioactive substances in the secretions obtained from specialized skin macroglands. Some true toads have been employed as a folk remedy to treat infectious diseases caused by microbial pathogens. Recent publications based on in silico analysis highlighted the Bufonidae as promising sources of antimicrobial peptides. A review of the literature reveals that Bufonidae skin secretion extracts show inhibitory activity in vitro against clinical isolates of bacteria, resistant and standard strains of bacterial, and fungal and parasitic human pathogens. Secondary metabolites belonging to the classes of alkaloids, bufadienolides, and peptides with antimicrobial activity have been isolated from species of the genera
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.