ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2020
The Immune Endocannabinoid System of the Tumor Microenvironment.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- Endocannabinoid System as a Promising Therapeutic Target in Inflammatory Bowel Disease - A Systematic Review.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Pooled it
- Modulation of the endocannabinoid system reduces inflammatory signalling in canine mammary carcinoma cells.Veterinary record open · 2026Article
- Serum metabolomics modelling reveals stage-associated purine and endocannabinoid metabolic signatures in colorectal cancer progression.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- The Endocannabinoid System in Human Disease: Molecular Signaling, Receptor Pharmacology, and Therapeutic Innovation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- The Role of the Endocannabinoid System in Oncology and the Potential Use of Cannabis Derivatives for Cancer Management in Companion Animals.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Review
- Article
- Neutrophil extracellular traps and cannabinoids: potential in cancer metastasis.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Review
- The endocannabinoid system in cancer biology: a mini-review of mechanisms and therapeutic potential.Oncology reviews · 2025Review
- "Elucidating the immunomodulatory role of endocannabinoids in intervertebral disc degeneration".European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2025Article
- Development and experimental validation of an M2 macrophage and platelet-associated gene signature to predict prognosis and immunotherapy sensitivity in bladder cancer.Cancer science · 2024Article
- The cancer-immune dialogue in the context of stress.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2024Review
- Roadmap for the expression of canonical and extended endocannabinoid system receptors and metabolic enzymes in peripheral organs of preclinical animal models.Physiological reports · 2024Article
- Lipid metabolism-derived FAAH is a sensitive marker for the prognosis and immunotherapy of osteosarcoma patients.Heliyon · 2024Article
- GPR55 in the tumor microenvironment of pancreatic cancer controls tumorigenesis.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Cannabis and Endometriosis: The Roles of the Gut Microbiota and the Endocannabinoid System.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Review
- Article
- Phytochemical Constituents and Derivatives ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Decreased melanoma CSF-1 secretion by Cannabigerol treatment reprograms regulatory myeloid cells and reduces tumor progression.Oncoimmunology · 2023Article
- Targeting the Endocannabinoidome in Pancreatic Cancer.Biomolecules · 2022Review
- Cannabinoid receptor 2 plays a pro-tumorigenic role in non-small cell lung cancer by limiting anti-tumor activity of CD8Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Leukocytes are part of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and are critical determinants of tumor progression. Because of the immunoregulatory properties of cannabinoids, the endocannabinoid system (ECS) may have an important role in shaping the TME. Members of the ECS, an entity that consists of cannabinoid receptors, endocannabinoids and their synthesizing/degrading enzymes, have been associated with both tumor growth and rejection. Immune cells express cannabinoid receptors and produce endocannabinoids, thereby forming an "immune endocannabinoid system". Although in vitro effects of exogenous cannabinoids on immune cells are well described, the role of the ECS in the TME, and hence in tumor development and immunotherapy, is still elusive. This review/opinion discusses the possibility that the "immune endocannabinoid system" can fundamentally influence tumor progression. The widespread influence of cannabinoids on immune cell functions makes the members of the ECS an interesting target that could support immunotherapy.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.