ArticleMedical hypotheses2020
COVID 19 mortality: Probable role of microbiome to explain disparity.
Article in Medical hypotheses, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparing lagged impacts of mobility changes and environmental factors on COVID-19 waves in rural and urban India: A Bayesian spatiotemporal modelling study.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- A large scale study of portable sweat test sensor for accurate, non-invasive and rapid COVID-19 screening based on volatile compound marker detection.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Microbiota composition in the lower respiratory tract is associated with severity in patients with acute respiratory distress by influenza.Virology journal · 2023Article
- Exiting the Anthropocene: Achieving personal and planetary health in the 21st century.Allergy · 2022Review
- Reassessing Reported Deaths and Estimated Infection Attack Rate during the First 6 Months of the COVID-19 Epidemic, Delhi, India.Emerging infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Presumed Protective Role for Anti-Hepatitis B Virus Antibodies Against COVID-19 Severe Cases: A Clinical Study ConfirmingFrontiers in medicine · 2022Article
- Country differences in transmissibility, age distribution and case-fatality of SARS-CoV-2: a global ecological analysis.International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2022Article
- COVID-19 and gut immunomodulation.World journal of gastroenterology · 2021Review
- Dysbiosis and structural disruption of the respiratory microbiota in COVID-19 patients with severe and fatal outcomes.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- COVID-19 Pandemic in India: Through the Lens of Modeling.Global health, science and practice · 2021Article
- Is the worst of the COVID-19 global pandemic yet to come? Application of financial mathematics as candidate predictive tools.Translational psychiatry · 2021Article
- SARS-CoV-2 and immune-microbiome interactions: Lessons from respiratory viral infections.International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2021Review
- The hygiene hypothesis, the COVID pandemic, and consequences for the human microbiome.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2021Article
- Do Pandemics Obey the Elliott Wave Principle of Financial Markets?medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2021Article
- Comprehensive Meta-Analysis of COVID-19 Global Metabolomics Datasets.Metabolites · 2021Article
- Comparative Analysis of Susceptibility and Severity of COVID-19 in Countries from the Eastern and the Western World Till March '21.Microbiology insights · 2021Review
- Global Population Aging, National Development Level, and Vulnerability to the Pandemic.Risk management and healthcare policy · 2021Article
- Role of Gut Microbiome in COVID-19: An Insight Into Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Potential.Frontiers in immunologyReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
There is a significant difference between COVID 19 associated mortality between different countries. Generally the number of deaths per million population are higher in the developed countries despite better health care efficiency, drinking water quality and expected healthy life span (HALE) at the time of birth. Developing and underdeveloped countries on the other hand have lower mortality even with higher rural and slum populations along with incidence of diarrhea because of lack of sanitation. We analyzed data from 122 countries out of which 80 were high or upper middle income and 42 were low or low middle income countries. There was statistically significant positive correlation between COVID 19 deaths /million population and water current score, health efficiency, and HALE. Statistically significant negative correlation was observed with % rural population and fraction of diarrhea because of inadequate sanitation for all ages. Moreover analysis of 51 countries showed that there is significant negative correlation between COVID 19 deaths /million population and proportion of total population living in slums. We propose that high microbial exposure particularly gram negative bacteria can possibly induce interferon type I which might have a protective effect against COVID 19 since the countries with less mortality also tend to have lack of sanitation and high incidence of attendant diseases. So, far none of the predictive models have taken into account immune status of populations engendered by environmental microbial exposure or microbiome. There might be a need to look at dynamics of COVID 19 pandemic using immune perspective. The approach can potentially inform better policies including interventions.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.