SynthesisEpidemiology and health2020
Distribution pattern and prevalence of West Nile virus infection in Nigeria from 1950 to 2020: a systematic review.
Synthesis in Epidemiology and health, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- The magnitude of flaviviruses infection in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Pooled it
- Epidemiology of arboviruses in humans and livestock in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Pooled it
- Descriptive Epidemiological Analysis of West Nile Virus Human Infections in Italy: A Surveillance-based Study (2018-2023).Current microbiology · 2026Article
- (Sero)prevalence of (re)emerging major arbovirus infections in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol.Systematic reviews · 2026Article
- Seroprevalence of West Nile Fever and Associated Risk Factors in Livestock of Afar Region, Northeast Ethiopia.Veterinary sciences · 2025Article
- Assessment of knowledge and practices towards the diagnosis of arboviral infections amongst healthcare workers in Lagos State and the Federal Capital Territory: a cross-sectional study.The Pan African medical journal · 2024Article
- Article
- Comparison of West Nile Virus Disease in Humans and Horses: Exploiting Similarities for Enhancing Syndromic Surveillance.Viruses · 2023Review
- Cryptic Zika virus infections unmasked from suspected malaria cases in Northeastern Nigeria.PloS one · 2023Article
- Non-traumatic coma in young children in Benin: are viral and bacterial infections gaining ground on cerebral malaria?Infectious diseases of poverty · 2022Observational
- Spatial patterns of West Nile virus distribution in the Volgograd region of Russia, a territory with long-existing foci.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2022Article
- A Scoping Review of West Nile Virus Seroprevalence Studies among African Equids.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
16 authors at 12 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesWest Nile virus (WNV) is a re-emerging mosquito-borne viral infection. This study investigated the pooled prevalence pattern and risk factors of WNV infection among humans and animals in Nigeria.
methodsA systematic review was conducted of eligible studies published in PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science from January 1, 1950 to August 30, 2020. Peer-reviewed cross-sectional studies describing WNV infections in humans and animals were systematically reviewed. Heterogeneity was assessed using the Cochrane Q statistic.
resultsEighteen out of 432 available search output were eligible and included for this study. Of which 13 and 5 were WNV studies on humans and animals, respectively. Although 61.5% of the human studies had a low risk of bias, they all had high heterogeneity. The South West geopolitical zone of Nigeria had the highest pooled prevalence of anti-WNV immunoglobulin M (IgM; 7.8% in humans). The pooled seroprevalence of anti-WNV IgM and immunoglobulin G (IgG) was 7.1% (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.9 to 8.3) and 76.5% (95% CI, 74.0 to 78.8), respectively. The WNV RNA prevalence was 1.9% (95% CI, 1.4 to 2.9), while 14.3% (95% CI, 12.9 to 15.8) had WNV-neutralizing antibodies. In animals, the pooled seroprevalence of anti-WNV IgM and IgG was 90.3% (95% CI, 84.3 to 94.6) and 3.5% (95% CI, 1.9 to 5.8), respectively, while 20.0% (95% CI, 12.9 to 21.4) had WNV-neutralizing antibodies. Age (odds ratio [OR], 3.73; 95% CI, 1.87 to 7.45; p<0.001) and level of education (no formal education: OR, 4.31; 95% CI, 1.08 to 17.2; p<0.05; primary: OR, 7.29; 95% CI, 1.80 to 29.6; p<0.01) were significant risk factors for WNV IgM seropositivity in humans.
conclusionsThe findings of this study highlight the endemicity of WNV in animals and humans in Nigeria and underscore the need for the One Health prevention and control approach.
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