ArticleToxicology letters2021
JUUL e-liquid exposure elicits cytoplasmic Ca
Article in Toxicology letters, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- The respiratory epithelium in the era of vaping: insights fromEuropean respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2025Review
- Impact of nicotine-free and nicotine-rich flavored electronic cigarette refill liquids on primary human melanocyte function.Toxicology reports · 2025Article
- The effects of flavored vaped e-liquids on cultured human macrophages derived from the central and peripheral nervous systems.Toxicology in vitro : an international journal published in association with BIBRA · 2025Article
- GC/HRMS Analysis of E-Liquids Complements In Vivo Modeling Methods and can Help to Predict Toxicity.ACS omega · 2024Article
- Vaping-Dependent Pulmonary Inflammation Is CaInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Electronic cigarette exposure disrupts airway epithelial barrier function and exacerbates viral infection.American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology · 2023Article
- Exposure, Retention, Exhalation, Symptoms, and Environmental Accumulation of Chemicals During JUUL Vaping.Chemical research in toxicology · 2023Article
- The relationship between the use of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) and effects on pulmonary immune responses-a literature review.Environmental research · 2023Review
- E-Cigarette (E-Cig) Liquid Composition and Operational Voltage Define the In Vitro Toxicity of Δ8Tetrahydrocannabinol/Vitamin E Acetate (Δ8THC/VEA) E-Cig Aerosols.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2022Article
- An assessment of vaping-induced inflammation and toxicity: A feasibility study using a 2-stage zebrafish and mouse platform.Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association · 2022Article
- Calcium-Dependent Pulmonary Inflammation and Pharmacological Interventions and Mediators.Biology · 2021Review
- Article
- Effects of E-Cigarette Exposure on Prenatal Life and Childhood Respiratory Health: A Review of Current Evidence.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2021Review
- Article
- Vaping Exacerbates Coronavirus-Related Pulmonary Infection in a Murine Model.Frontiers in physiology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
rationaleThe popularity of new and emerging tobacco products such as E-cigarettes (E-cigs) is rapidly expanding worldwide. However, uncertainties surrounding the potential health consequences due to the use of such products exist and warrant further study.
methodsCultured A549 and Calu-3 airway epithelia were exposed to three out of the eight types of JUUL brand e-liquids ("Mint", "Virginia Tobacco" and "Menthol", all containing 3% nicotine at 1% and 3% (vol/vol) dilutions) and assessed for viability using a resazurin-based assay. Intracellular Ca
resultsExposing the airway epithelial cells to the flavored JUUL e-liquids led to significant cytotoxicity, with the "Mint" flavor being the overall most cytotoxic. The "Mint" flavored e-liquid also led to significant elevations in intracellular Ca
conclusionsJUUL e-liquid challenge resulted in a loss of airway epithelial cell viability, induced pro-inflammatory responses and eventually caused apoptosis.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.