Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33253568›Full record

ArticleThe Journal of organic chemistry2021

Sustainability Challenges and Opportunities in Oligonucleotide Manufacturing.

Benjamin I Andrews, Firoz D Antia, Shawn B Brueggemeier, Louis J Diorazio, Stefan G Koenig, Michael E Kopach, Heewon Lee, Martin Olbrich, Anna L Watson

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in The Journal of organic chemistry, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 49 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
49citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

49 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. RNA therapeutics: current status and future directions.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026
    Review
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Review
  5. IVT-free, chemically synthesized protein-encoding RNA oligonucleotides for rapid production of personalized cancer vaccines.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
    Article
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Review
  9. Current CMC challenges in oligonucleotide API development: from IND to NDA.Medicinal chemistry research : an international journal for rapid communications on design and mechanisms of action of biologically active agents · 2026
    Review
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Review
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. RNA chemistry and therapeutics.Nature reviews. Drug discovery · 2025
    Review
  17. Review
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Benjamin I AndrewsChemical Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage SG1 2NY, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0002-7852-3675
Firoz D AntiaBiogen, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States.
Shawn B BrueggemeierBristol-Myers Squibb, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States.
Louis J DiorazioChemical Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 4TF, United Kingdom.
Stefan G KoenigGenentech, Inc., A Member of the Roche Group, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-1878-614X
Michael E KopachEli Lilly and Company, 1400 West Raymond Street, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States.
Heewon LeeBoehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877, United States.
Martin OlbrichF. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., 4070 Basel, Switzerland.
Anna L WatsonChemical Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 4TF, United Kingdom.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

With a renewed and growing interest in therapeutic oligonucleotides across the pharmaceutical industry, pressure is increasing on drug developers to take more seriously the sustainability ramifications of this modality. With 12 oligonucleotide drugs reaching the market to date and hundreds more in clinical trials and preclinical development, the current state of the art in oligonucleotide production poses a waste and cost burden to manufacturers. Legacy technologies make use of large volumes of hazardous reagents and solvents, as well as energy-intensive processes in synthesis, purification, and isolation. In 2016, the American Chemical Society (ACS) Green Chemistry Institute Pharmaceutical Roundtable (GCIPR) identified the development of greener processes for oligonucleotide Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs) as a critical unmet need. As a result, the Roundtable formed a focus team with the remit of identifying green chemistry and engineering improvements that would make oligonucleotide production more sustainable. In this Perspective, we summarize the present challenges in oligonucleotide synthesis, purification, and isolation; highlight potential solutions; and encourage synergies between academia; contract research, development and manufacturing organizations; and the pharmaceutical industry. A critical part of our assessment includes Process Mass Intensity (PMI) data from multiple companies to provide preliminary baseline metrics for current oligonucleotide manufacturing processes.

Indexed as

Drug IndustryOligonucleotidesSolventsOligonucleotidesSolvents

Identifiers

PMID33253568
PMCPMC8154579

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.