ArticlePloS one2020
Stigma in coronavirus disease-19 survivors in Kashmir, India: A cross-sectional exploratory study.
Article in PloS one, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 47 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
47 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 81 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic Review of Scales for Measuring Infectious Disease-Related Stigma.Emerging infectious diseases · 2024Pooled it
- The scar that takes time to heal: A systematic review of COVID-19-related stigma targets, antecedents, and outcomes.Frontiers in psychology · 2022Pooled it
- A systematic review and meta-analysis on the prevalence of stigma in infectious diseases, including COVID-19: a call to action.Molecular psychiatry · 2022Pooled it
- Post-COVID-19 Public Health Challenges: Insights Into Post-COVID Symptoms, Stigma, and Post-Pandemic Recovery Support From the Vietnam Experience.Public health challenges · 2026Article
- Effective communication and public engagement strategies to counter misinformation about infectious diseases.Immunology and cell biology · 2026Review
- "It becomes more difficult when people don't empathize with us": COVID-19-related stigmatization experienced by survivors in Nepal.PloS one · 2026Article
- Comparative study of stigma and discrimination among vaccinated and non-vaccinated COVID-19 survivors in Bangladesh.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Longer-Term Mental Health Consequences of COVID-19 Infection: Moderation by Race and Socioeconomic Status.International journal of behavioral medicine · 2025Article
- A Scientometric Perspective on Stigma Research in Medicine: A Bibliometric Review.Iranian journal of public health · 2025Review
- Latent profiles of digital health literacy and perceived stigma in burn patients: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Prevalence and factors associated with depression and anxiety among patients recovered from COVID-19: a cross-sectional study in a tertiary care hospital in Nepal.BMJ public health · 2024Article
- Experiences of stigma, discrimination and violence and their impact on the mental health of health care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- COVID-19 Linked Social Stigma Among Arab Survivors: A Cross-Sectional Experiences from the Active Phase of the Pandemic.Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare · 2024Article
- Disease-Related Stigma, Stigmatizers, Causes, and Consequences: A Systematic Review.Iranian journal of public health · 2023Review
- Social Stigma, Mental Health, Stress, and Health-Related Quality of Life in People with Long COVID.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Stigma, Post-traumatic Stress, and COVID-19 Vaccination Intent in Mongolia, India, and the United States.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Lessons from the stigma of COVID-19 survivors: A Marxist criticism appraisal.Frontiers in public health · 2023Review
- Can a brief session of the online coronavirus disease 2019 destigmatization program reduce stigma among survivors? A randomized controlled trial.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Article
- Stigma Experienced by Patients Who Recovered from COVID-19 in Post-Vaccination Period in Thailand; Prevalence and Associated Factors.Psychology research and behavior management · 2023Article
- Social stigma during COVID-19: A systematic review.SAGE open medicine · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundCoronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) has not only spawned a lot of stigma and discrimination towards its survivors but also to their corpses. We aimed to assess the magnitude and correlates of stigma in these survivors, on return to their communities.
methodsThis was a cross-sectional, hospital-based, exploratory study conducted by the postgraduate department of psychiatry, in collaboration with the postgraduate department of chest medicine, Govt. medical college, Srinagar. The study was performed among COVID-19 survivors, who attended the outpatient department after their discharge from the hospital. Socio-demographic characteristics were recorded through semi-structured proforma. Stigma was measured by the stigma questionnaire. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and regression analysis.
resultsA total of 91 survivors consented to participate in the study. Almost half (46.2%) of them were in the age group of 30-49 years and close to two-thirds (68.1%) were males. About three-fourths (74.7%) were from the urban background. The mean time from hospital discharge to study entry was 11.7±5.1 [Range(R) = 7-21] days. 98% of survivors provided at least one stigma endorsing response and the total mean stigma score was 28.5±7.1[R = 6-39]. The mean stigma sub-scores were highest for enacted stigma (7.6±1.8) [R = 2-9] and externalized stigma (15.0±4.1) [R = 1-20]. Enacted stigma was significantly high in males as compared to females. Enacted stigma and internalized stigma were both associated with education. Enacted stigma, externalized stigma, disclosure concerns, and total stigma was significantly associated with the occupation. Being unemployed and time since discharge were identified as independent predictors of total stigma.
conclusionOur study results showed high levels of enacted and externalized stigma among COVID-19 survivors. Enacted stigma was more among males and in those who were highly educated. Survivor centered and community-driven anti-stigma programs are the need of the hour to promote the recovery and community re-integration of these survivors.
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