SynthesisSchizophrenia bulletin2021
Comorbid Major Depressive Disorder in Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Synthesis in Schizophrenia bulletin, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 52 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
52 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 105 citations in OpenAlex.
- Guideline
- Adjunctive agents to antipsychotics in schizophrenia: a systematic umbrella review and recommendations for amino acids, hormonal therapies and anti-inflammatory drugs.BMJ mental health · 2023Pooled it
- An umbrella review of candidate predictors of response, remission, recovery, and relapse across mental disorders.Molecular psychiatry · 2023Pooled it
- Exploring comorbidity patterns of psychosis-related post-traumatic stress disorder and depression symptoms in stabilised hospitalised schizophrenia patients and relationships with sleep quality and quality of life: a latent profile analysis.European journal of psychotraumatology · 2026Article
- Concomitant pathologies and their impact on schizophrenia: a narrative overview of current evidence.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2026Review
- Antipsychotic Medication Preferences: A Large-Scale Survey.Pharmacopsychiatry · 2026Article
- Associations between depressive symptoms and work productivity loss in patients with schizophrenia: an observational 48-week longitudinal study.BMC psychiatry · 2026Observational
- The working lives of neuronal 5-HTRSC chemical biology · 2026Review
- Errors or Adaptations? A Critical Review of Predictive Processing in Psychiatry.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Shared and Distinct Time-Space Experiences Along the Psychotic-Affective Continuum.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2026Article
- Association of metabolic syndrome with comorbid major depressive disorder in remitted schizophrenia: a cross-sectional study.BMC psychiatry · 2026Article
- DISC1 mutant macaques capture behavioral and neural hallmarks of psychiatric disease.National science review · 2026Article
- Antidepressant Augmentation of Antipsychotic Treatment in Schizophrenia: A Narrative Review.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2026Review
- Investigating the Use of Antidepressants in Treating Major Depressive Disorder:Saudi medical journal · 2026Article
- Article
- Computerized cognitive behavioral therapy with sertraline in schizophrenia with depressive episodes: A 12-week randomized controlled trial.World journal of psychiatry · 2025Article
- Depressive symptomatology in the first-episode schizophrenia spectrum disorders OPTiMiSE trial: prevalence, correlates, symptom progression and outcomes.Schizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2025Review
- Machine learning for novel phenotyping in schizophrenia.Schizophrenia research · 2025Article
- Smartphone Apps and Digital Tools for Managing Schizophrenia and Psychotic Disorders: A Clinical Review.Focus (American Psychiatric Publishing) · 2025Review
- Genetic and neural mechanisms shared by schizophrenia and depression.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Comorbid major depressive disorder (MDD) in schizophrenia (SZ; SZ-MDD) has been identified as a major prognostic factor. However, the prevalence and associated factors of SZ-MDD have never been explored in a meta-analysis. All studies assessing the prevalence of SZ-MDD in stabilized outpatients with a standardized scale or with structured interviews were included. The Medline, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar databases were searched. Using random effects models, we calculated the pooled estimate of the prevalence of SZ-MDD. We used meta-regression and subgroup analyses to evaluate the potential moderators of the prevalence estimates, and we used the leave-one-out method for sensitivity analyses. Of the 5633 potentially eligible studies identified, 18 studies (n = 6140 SZ stabilized outpatients) were retrieved in the systematic review and included in the meta-analysis. The pooled estimate of the prevalence of SZ-MDD was 32.6% (95% CI: 27.9-37.6); there was high heterogeneity (I2 = 92.6%), and Egger's test did not reveal publication bias (P = .122). The following factors were found to be sources of heterogeneity: publication in or after 2015, the inclusion of patients from larger studies, the assessment tools, the inclusion of patients with substance use disorder or somatic chronic diseases, age, education level, the lifetime number of hospitalizations, and antidepressant use. Two-thirds of the extracted variables could not be explored due to an insufficient amount of published data. The prevalence of MDD is high among SZ individuals. Healthcare providers and public health officials should have an increased awareness of the burden of SZ-MDD.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.