ArticleThe journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences2021
The Impact of Smoking and Obesity on Disability-Free Life Expectancy in Older Australians.
Article in The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Disability free life expectancy: a simulation study of scenarios to extend healthy years and reduce inequalities.BMC medicine · 2026Article
- Impact of socioeconomic status on obesity in older adults: the suppressive effect of social support and sleep quality.BMC geriatrics · 2025Article
- Living arrangements and lonely life expectancy: a multistate life table based on Markov chains.Population health metrics · 2025Article
- Gender disparities in multi-state health transitions and life expectancy among the ≥50-year-old population: A cross-national multi-cohort study.Journal of global health · 2024Article
- Total life expectancy and disability-free life expectancy and differences attributable to cigarettes' smoking among Chinese middle-aged and older adults.BMC geriatrics · 2024Article
- Article
- The nursing care of people with class III obesity in an acute care setting: a scoping review.BMC nursing · 2022Article
- The Impact of Education and Lifestyle Factors on Disability-Free Life Expectancy From Mid-Life to Older Age: A Multi-Cohort Study.International journal of public health · 2022Article
- The contribution of multiple long-term conditions to widening inequalities in disability-free life expectancy over two decades: Longitudinal analysis of two cohorts using the Cognitive Function and Ageing Studies.EClinicalMedicine · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSmoking and obesity are 2 modifiable risk factors for disability. We examine the impact of smoking and obesity on disability-free life expectancy (DFLE) at older ages, using 2 levels of disability.
methodWe used the DYNOPTA dataset, derived by harmonizing and pooling risk factors and disability outcomes from 5 Australian longitudinal aging studies. We defined mobility disability as inability to walk 1 km, and more severe (activities of daily living [ADL]) disability by the inability to dress or bathe. Mortality data for the analytic sample (N = 20 401; 81.2% women) were obtained from Government Records via data linkage. We estimated sex-specific total life expectancy, DFLE, and years spent with disability by Interpolated Markov Chain (IMaCh) software for each combination of smoking (never vs ever), obesity (body mass index ≥30 vs 18.5 to <30), and education (left school age 14 or younger vs age 15 or older).
resultsCompared to those without either risk factor, high educated nonobese smokers at age 65 lived shorter lives (men and women: 2.5 years) and fewer years free of mobility disability (men: 2.1 years; women: 2.0 years), with similar results for ADL disability. Obesity had the largest effect on mobility disability in women; high educated obese nonsmoking women lived 1.3 years less than nonsmoking, not obese women but had 5.1 years fewer free of mobility disability and 3.2 fewer free of ADL disability. Differences between risk factor groups were similar for the low educated.
conclusionsOur findings suggest eliminating obesity would lead to an absolute reduction of disability, particularly in women.
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