Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33249475›Full record

ArticleClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2021

Population Impact of Girls-Only Human Papillomavirus 16/18 Vaccination in The Netherlands: Cross-Protective and Second-Order Herd Effects.

Joske Hoes, Petra J Woestenberg, Johannes A Bogaards, Audrey J King, Hester E de Melker, Johannes Berkhof, Christian J P A Hoebe, Marianne A B van der Sande, Birgit H B van Benthem, Medical Microbiological Laboratories and Public Health Services

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In one paragraph

Article in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
13citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Joske HoesCentre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
Petra J WoestenbergCentre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
Johannes A BogaardsCentre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
Audrey J KingCentre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
Hester E de MelkerCentre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
Johannes BerkhofDepartment of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam University Medical Center, location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Christian J P A HoebeDepartment of Social Medicine, Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Marianne A B van der SandeDepartment of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium.
Birgit H B van BenthemCentre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
Medical Microbiological Laboratories and Public Health Services

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundHuman papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination programs achieve substantial population-level impact, with effects extending beyond protection of vaccinated individuals. We assessed trends in HPV prevalence up to 8 years postvaccination among men and women in the Netherlands, where bivalent HPV vaccination, targeting HPV types 16/18, has been offered to (pre)adolescent girls since 2009 with moderate vaccination coverage.

methodsWe used data from the PASSYON study, a survey initiated in 2009 (prevaccination) and repeated biennially among 16- to 24-year-old visitors of sexual health centers. We studied genital HPV positivity from 2009 to 2017 among women, heterosexual men, and unvaccinated women using Poisson generalized estimating equation models, adjusted for individual- and population-level confounders. Trends were studied for 25 HPV types detected by the SPF10-LiPA25 platform.

resultsA total of 6354 women (64.7% self-reported unvaccinated) and 2414 heterosexual men were included. Percentual declines in vaccine types HPV-16/18 were observed for all women (12.6% per year [95% confidence interval {CI}, 10.6-14.5]), heterosexual men (13.0% per year [95% CI, 8.3-17.5]), and unvaccinated women (5.4% per year [95% CI, 2.9-7.8]). We observed significant declines in HPV-31 (all women and heterosexual men), HPV-45 (all women), and in all high-risk HPV types pooled (all women and heterosexual men). Significant increases were observed for HPV-56 (all women) and HPV-52 (unvaccinated women).

conclusionsOur results provide evidence for first-order herd effects among heterosexual men against HPV-16/18 and cross-protective types. Additionally, we show second-order herd effects against vaccine types among unvaccinated women. These results are promising regarding population-level and clinical impact of girls-only bivalent HPV vaccination in a country with moderate vaccine uptake.

Indexed as

Papillomavirus InfectionsPapillomavirus VaccinesAdolescentAdultCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHuman papillomavirus 16Human papillomavirus 18HumansMaleNetherlandsPrevalenceVaccinationYoung AdultPapillomavirus Vaccinesherd immunityHPVhuman papillomaviruspopulation effectstype replacementvaccination

Identifiers

PMID33249475
PMCPMC7935392

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.