ReviewTrends in cognitive sciences2021
Structuring Knowledge with Cognitive Maps and Cognitive Graphs.
Review in Trends in cognitive sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 77 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
77 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Defining Spirituality in Healthcare: A Systematic Review and Conceptual Framework.Frontiers in psychology · 2021Pooled it
- Retinotopic coding organizes the interaction between internally and externally oriented brain networks.eLife · 2026Article
- Hyperadaptability Through Self-Organizing Behavioral Search.Entropy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Cognitive maps as a medium for thought.Trends in cognitive sciences · 2026Review
- A neuro-behavioural model of neophobia.Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society · 2026Review
- Robust representation of the spatial arrangement of topological features.Attention, perception & psychophysics · 2026Article
- Medial temporal lobe encodes cognitive maps of real-world social networks.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Memory reactivation during sleep promotes structure abstraction.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Egocentric Dominance in Spatial Representations: The Role of Environmental Familiarity in Building Cognitive Maps.Brain and behavior · 2026Article
- Building Goal-Directed Cognitive Graphs.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Spaces and sequences in the hippocampus: a homological perspective.Journal of computational neuroscience · 2026Article
- Layers of Social Meaning: Innate, Acquired, and Deliberative Levels of Referential Signal Processing.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2026Review
- Graph properties drive navigational selection between equidistant routes.Neuropsychologia · 2026Article
- Representational differentiation and integration within the hippocampal circuit during naturalistic stimuli.Communications biology · 2026Article
- Navigating Cognitive Maps: Statistical Analysis of 3D Path Data in Minecraft.Psychometrika · 2026Article
- Hidden Talents in Medical Education: Visual Thinkers May Activate Intelligences Through Mind Mapping.Advances in medical education and practice · 2026Article
- Earliest geometries: A cognitive investigation of Howiesons Poort engraved ostrich eggshells.PloS one · 2026Article
- Cognitive Maps in the Prefrontal Cortex.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2025Review
- Parallel systems for social and spatial cognition reaching the cortical apex.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- A map of words: Retrieving the spatial layout of medium-scale geographical maps through distributional semantics.Neuropsychologia · 2025Article
17 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Humans and animals use mental representations of the spatial structure of the world to navigate. The classical view is that these representations take the form of Euclidean cognitive maps, but alternative theories suggest that they are cognitive graphs consisting of locations connected by paths. We review evidence suggesting that both map-like and graph-like representations exist in the mind/brain that rely on partially overlapping neural systems. Maps and graphs can operate simultaneously or separately, and they may be applied to both spatial and nonspatial knowledge. By providing structural frameworks for complex information, cognitive maps and cognitive graphs may provide fundamental organizing schemata that allow us to navigate in physical, social, and conceptual spaces.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.