ReviewRespiratory medicine2021
Guidance on nebulization during the current COVID-19 pandemic.
Review in Respiratory medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 50 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy and safety of combined nebulization of unfractionated heparin, acetylcysteine, budesonide and ipratropium bromide in hospitalised patients with COVID-19 pneumonia: a randomized controlled clinical trial.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2025Trial
- Ketoprofen Lysine Salt Versus Corticosteroids in Early Outpatient Management of Mild and Moderate COVID-19: A Retrospective Study.Pharmacy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- 2023 Year in Review: High-Flow Nasal Cannula for COVID-19.Respiratory care · 2024Review
- Assessing sterility techniques in bronchodilator responsiveness testing by practicing allergists in North America.The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. Global · 2024Article
- Long- and Short-Term Trends in Outpatient Attendance by Speciality in Japan: A Joinpoint Regression Analysis in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Observational
- Article
- Influence of Aerosol Mask Design on Fugitive Aerosol Concentrations During Nebulization.Respiratory care · 2023Article
- COVID-19 Therapeutic Potential of Natural Products.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Estimated cost-savings from optimizing use of inhaled medications for inpatients with obstructive lung disease.The Journal of asthma : official journal of the Association for the Care of Asthma · 2023Article
- Saline nasal irrigation and gargling in COVID-19: a multidisciplinary review of effects on viral load, mucosal dynamics, and patient outcomes.Frontiers in public health · 2023Review
- One stone two birds: anti-inflammatory bronchodilators as a potential pharmacological strategy for COVID-19.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Review
- Respiratory healthcare professionals' views on long-term recommendations of interventions to prevent acute respiratory illnesses after the COVID-19 pandemic.ERJ open research · 2022Article
- [Nebulization of emergency medications in the south German rescue service].Der Anaesthesist · 2022Article
- Particle Size Analysis in Aerosol-Generating Dental Procedures Using Laser Diffraction Technique.Frontiers in oral health · 2022Article
- AnDrug delivery · 2021Article
- Visualization of droplet spread produced by a nebulizer during the COVID-19 pandemic.QJM : monthly journal of the Association of Physicians · 2021Article
- The Impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019 on Pediatric Asthma in the United States.Pediatric clinics of North America · 2021Review
- What we learned in the past year in managing our COVID-19 patients in intensive care units?World journal of critical care medicine · 2021Review
- International expert opinion on the use of nebulization for pediatric asthma therapy during the COVID-19 pandemic.Journal of thoracic disease · 2021Review
- Pulmonary Function Testing in the Coronavirus Disease Era: Lessons and Opportunities.Pediatric allergy, immunology, and pulmonology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Awareness of the risk of airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 makes patients hesitant about using inhaled medications that are considered as a potential source of viral transmission and immunosuppression. However, patients with asthma or COPD should continue all prescribed inhaled medications. Apparently, inhalers, including pMDIs, DPIs, or SMIs, have a low risk of contamination although characteristics of drug formulation can precipitate cough, whereas some researchers do not rule out the probability that nebulizer treatments may increase the risk of infection transmission via droplet nuclei and aerosols. Considering that aerosol therapy generates fugitive emissions that are not inhaled by the patient and are released from the device during expiration, several international professional bodies have provided recommendations for drug delivery via inhalers and in particular, nebulizers. Unfortunately, these recommendations are often in conflict with each other and do not clarify whether it is appropriate to use nebulizers during this COVID-19 pandemic. Considering what is available in literature, there are no known infection-related hazards to an uninfected patient and also a patient with COVID-19 that preclude the use of a nebulizer at home, but it fundamental that all patients, regardless of whether or not suffering from COVID-19, always follow some practical advices.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.