ReviewDrugs2020
The Development of Cladribine Tablets for the Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis: A Comprehensive Review.
Review in Drugs, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 59 citations in OpenAlex.
- Safety and efficacy of cladribine in multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2023Pooled it
- Dynamics of Spinal Fluid Immune Cell Alterations Following Cladribine Tablet Treatment in Multiple Sclerosis.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2026Trial
- Blood biomarker dynamics in people with relapsing multiple sclerosis treated with cladribine tablets: results of the 2-year MAGNIFY-MS study.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Trial
- The TRaditional versus Early Aggressive Therapy for Multiple Sclerosis (TREAT-MS) trial: design and baseline characteristics of participants.Contemporary clinical trials · 2025Article
- The Italian Multiple Sclerosis Register Experience With Cladribine: Impact on Relapses, PIRA, and Treatment Sequencing Strategies Evaluation.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2025Article
- Cladribine tablets as therapy for advanced relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a 4-year follow-up real-world, multi-center, retrospective, cohort study.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
- Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption in Neuroimmunological Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Asia-inclusive drug development leveraging principles of ICH E5 and E17 guidelines: Case studies illustrating quantitative clinical pharmacology as a foundational enabler.Clinical and translational science · 2024Review
- CSF levels of Chitinase3like1 correlate with early response to cladribine in multiple sclerosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Cladribine Tablets Mode of Action, Learning from the Pandemic: A Narrative Review.Neurology and therapy · 2023Review
- Molecular and neuroimmune pharmacology of S1P receptor modulators and other disease-modifying therapies for multiple sclerosis.Pharmacology & therapeutics · 2023Review
- Comparative effectiveness of cladribine tablets versus other oral disease-modifying treatments for multiple sclerosis: Results from MSBase registry.Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) · 2023Article
- DNA methylation meningioma biomarkers: attributes and limitations.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2023Review
- Intruders or protectors - the multifaceted role of B cells in CNS disorders.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2023Review
- Cladribine treatment specifically affects peripheral blood memory B cell clones and clonal expansion in multiple sclerosis patients.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Breaking the Bottleneck in Anticancer Drug Development: Efficient Utilization of Synthetic Biology.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Real-world evidence for cladribine tablets in multiple sclerosis: further insights into efficacy and safety.Wiener medizinische Wochenschrift (1946) · 2022Review
- Cytokine Secretion Dynamics of Isolated PBMC after Cladribine Exposure in RRMS Patients.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- A Narrative Review on Axonal Neuroprotection in Multiple Sclerosis.Neurology and therapy · 2022Review
- Predicting disease activity in patients with multiple sclerosis: An explainable machine-learning approach in the Mavenclad trials.CPT: pharmacometrics & systems pharmacology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cladribine is a purine nucleoside analog initially developed in the 1970s as a treatment for various blood cancers. Due to the molecule's ability to preferentially reduce T and B lymphocytes, it has been developed into an oral formulation for the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS). The unique proposed mechanism of action of cladribine allows for the therapy to be delivered orally over two treatment-week cycles per year, one cycle at the beginning of the first month and one cycle at the beginning of the second month of years 1 and 2, with the potential for no further cladribine treatment required in years 3 and 4. This review summarizes the clinical development program for cladribine tablets in patients with MS, including the efficacy endpoints and results from the 2-year phase III CLARITY study in patients with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS), the 2-year CLARITY EXTENSION study, and the phase III ORACLE-MS study in patients with a first clinical demyelinating event at risk for developing MS. Efficacy results from the phase II ONWARD study, in which cladribine tablets were administered as an add-on to interferon-β therapy in patients with RRMS, are also summarized. A review of all safety data, including lymphopenia, infections, and malignancies, is provided based on data from all trials in patients with MS, including the initial parenteral formulation studies. Based on these data, cladribine tablets administered at 3.5 mg/kg over 2 years have been approved across the globe for various forms of relapsing MS. The development of cladribine tablets for the treatment of multiple sclerosis: a comprehensive review (MP4 279143 kb).
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.