ArticleBMC pregnancy and childbirth2020
Risk factors for pregnancy-related pelvic girdle pain: a scoping review.
Article in BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Psychological risk factors for lumbopelvic pain before, during, and after pregnancy: a systematic review.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Pooled it
- Prevalence of lumbopelvic pain during pregnancy: A systematic review and meta-analysis of cross-sectional studies.Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica · 2024Pooled it
- Individually tailored physiotherapy interventions for pregnancy-related pelvic girdle pain: functioning, physical activity, and treatment satisfaction four months postpartum. A cross-sectional study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Article
- Observing life from the sideline - a qualitative study on experiences of living with pregnancy-related pelvic girdle pain.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Article
- Article
- Evaluation of Motor Control Through Functional Movement Patterns of the Lumbar Spine Among Elite Special Forces Operators: A Pilot Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Motor Control Exercises and Their Design for Short-Term Pain Modulation in Patients with Pelvic Girdle Pain: A Narrative Review.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- The prevalence and persistence of maternal morbidities after first vs. second birth: A prospective cohort study in Ireland.PloS one · 2025Article
- The prevalence of depression in women with pregnancy-related pelvic girdle pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Health science reports · 2024Review
- Pregnancy-related pelvic girdle pain affects balance in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy.PloS one · 2024Article
- The Influence of Physical Activity during Pregnancy on Maternal Pain and Discomfort: A Meta-Analysis.Journal of personalized medicine · 2023Review
- Factors in early pregnancy predicting pregnancy-related pain in the second and third trimester.Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica · 2023Article
- Efficacy and safety of acupuncture for pregnancy-related low back pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Heliyon · 2023Article
- Pain Severity and Pain Interference in Late Pregnancy: An Analysis of Biopsychosocial Factors Among Women Scheduled for Cesarean Delivery.Pain medicine (Malden, Mass.) · 2023Observational
- Maternal autistic traits and antenatal pain by cross-sectional analysis of the Japan Environment and Children's Study.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Sex differences in musculoskeletal injury and disease risks across the lifespan: Are there unique subsets of females at higher risk than males for these conditions at distinct stages of the life cycle?Frontiers in physiology · 2023Review
- Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Validation of the Pregnancy Mobility Index for the Italian Population: A Cross-Sectional Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Lumbopelvic pain and sick leave during pregnancy: A comparison of Italy and Norway.Women's health (London, England)Article
- Essential Criteria for Designing Healthy Maternity Wear: A Narrative Review.Iranian journal of nursing and midwifery researchReview
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPregnancy-related Pelvic Girdle Pain (PPGP) is a common complaint. The aetiology remains unclear and reports on risk factors for PPGP provide conflicting accounts. The aim of this scoping review was to map the body of literature on risk factors for experiencing PPGP.
methodsWe searched the databases PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, MIDIRS, and ClinicalTrial.gov (3 August 2020). We selected studies with two reviewers independently. Observational studies assessing risk factors for PPGP were included. Studies examining specific diagnostic tests or interventions were excluded.
resultsWe identified 5090 records from databases and 1077 from ClinicalTrial.gov. Twenty-four records met the inclusion criteria. A total of 148 factors were examined of which only 14 factors were examined in more than one study. Factors that were positively associated with PPGP included a history of low back or pelvic girdle pain, being overweight/obese, already having a child, younger age, lower educational level, no pre-pregnancy exercise, physically demanding work, previous back trauma/disease, progestin-intrauterine device use, stress, depression and anxiety.
conclusionsA large number of factors have been examined as potential risk factors for PPGP, but there is a lack of repetition to be able to draw stronger conclusions and pool studies in systematic reviews. Factors that have been examined in more than five studies include age, body mass index, parity and smoking. We suggest a systematic review be conducted to assess the role of these factors further in the development of PPGP.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.