ArticleAmino acids2021
Enhanced neural differentiation of neural stem cells by sustained release of Shh from TG2 gene-modified EMSC co-culture in vitro.
Article in Amino acids, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Ectomesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation Induces Microglial Polarization and Anti-inflammatory IL-10 Secretion via NF-κB and MAPK Pathways to Mitigate Brain Injury Post-cerebral Hemorrhage.Neurochemical research · 2025Article
- Research progress on the mechanisms of endogenous neural stem cell differentiation in spinal cord injury repair.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2025Review
- LPS‑mediated adaptation accelerates ecto‑MSCs differentiation into osteoblasts.Molecular medicine reports · 2024Article
- Article
- Therapeutic Efficiency of Nasal Mucosa-Derived Ectodermal Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Rats with Acute Hepatic Failure.Stem cells international · 2023Article
- Overexpression of sonic hedgehog enhances the osteogenesis in rat ectomesenchymal stem cells.Cell and tissue banking · 2022Article
- Periodic Heat Stress Licenses EMSC Differentiation into Osteoblasts via YAP Signaling Pathway Activation.Stem cells international · 2022Article
- Black Phosphorus Nanoparticles Promote Osteogenic Differentiation of EMSCs Through Upregulated TG2 Expression.Nanoscale research letters · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
As a promising cell therapy, neural crest-derived ectoderm mesenchymal stem cells (EMSCs) secrete high amounts of extracellular matrix (ECM) and neurotrophic factors, promoting neural stem cell (NSC) differentiation into neuronal lineages and aiding tissue regeneration. Additionally, the forced overexpression of secreted proteins can increase the therapeutic efficacy of the secretome. Tissue transglutaminase (TG2) is a ubiquitously expressed member of the transglutaminase family of calcium-dependent crosslinking enzymes, which can stabilize the ECM, inducing smart or living biomaterial to stimulate differentiation and enhance the neurogenesis of NSCs. In this study, we examined the neuronal differentiation of NSCs induced by TG2 gene-modified EMSCs (TG2-EMSCs) in a co-culture model directly. Two weeks after initiating differentiation, levels of the neuronal markers, tubulin beta 3 class III and growth-associated protein 43, were higher in NSCs in the TG2-EMSC co-culture group and those of the astrocytic marker glial fibrillary acidic protein were lower, compared with the control group. These results were confirmed by immunofluorescence, and laminin, fibronectin and sonic hedgehog (Shh) contributed to this effect. The results of western blot analysis and the enzyme-linked immunoassay showed that after TG2-EMSCs were co-cultured for 2 weeks, they expressed much higher levels of Shh than the control group. Moreover, the sustained release of Shh was observed in the TG2-EMSC co-culture group. Overall, our findings indicate that EMSCs can induce the differentiation of NSCs, of which TG2-EMSCs can promote the differentiation of NSCs compared with EMSCs.
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