ReviewCurrent neuropharmacology2021
The Effects of Drugs used for the Treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) on Pregnancy Outcome and Breast-feeding: A Critical Review.
Review in Current neuropharmacology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Methylphenidate and Atomoxetine in Pregnancy and Possible Adverse Fetal Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.JAMA network open · 2024Pooled it
- Maternal Risk Factors for Omphalocele.Fetal diagnosis and therapy · 2026Article
- Dihydromyricetin alleviates attention deficit hyperactivity disorder by modulating the SIRT1/Nrf2/Keap1/HO-1 signaling pathway.European journal of medical research · 2025Article
- Multidimensional Evaluation of Lisdexamfetamine: Pharmacology, Therapeutic Use, Toxicity and Forensic Implications.Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology · 2025Review
- Research advances and future directions in female ADHD: the lifelong interplay of hormonal fluctuations with mood, cognition, and disease.Frontiers in global women's health · 2025Review
- A Narrative Review of Outcomes, Comorbidities, and Alternative Behavioral Interventions in Adolescent and Adult Women with ADHD.International journal of women's health · 2025Review
- The association between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and pregnancy, delivery and neonatal outcomes-an evaluation of a population database.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2024Article
- Quantification of ADHD medication in biological fluids of pregnant and breastfeeding women with liquid chromatography: a comprehensive review.Frontiers in public health · 2024Review
- Concepts for selection and utilization of psychiatric medications in pregnancy.The mental health clinician · 2023Article
- Obstetric complications in mothers with ADHD.Frontiers in reproductive health · 2022Article
- Neurotropic Drugs in Pregnancy and Lactation from the Point of View of the Clinical Teratologist.Current neuropharmacology · 2021Article
- Management of Central Disorders of Hypersomnolence in Pregnancy and Lactation.Journal of primary care & community healthReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurobehavioral condition found in 5-10% of school-age children and in 2-5% of adults. Stimulants affecting the dopaminergic, noradrenergic and/or serotonergic systems are commonly used for treatment in children and adults, including women of childbearing age. The data on the effects of stimulants (methylphenidate and amphetamines) in pregnancy are generally reassuring, but methylphenidate might slightly increase the rate of cardiac malformations and of spontaneous abortions, while amphetamines might slightly increase the risk for premature birth, low birth weight and other pregnancy complications. Bupropion, a dopamine and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, when used as an antidepressant, appears to be safe in pregnancy. The data on the use of atomoxetine, guanfacine and clonidine in pregnancy are scarce. Importantly, there are practically no data on the long-term neurodevelopmental effects of most of these drugs. The published data on the development of children born to methamphetamineabusing women may be misleading since these women generally use other drugs, including alcohol, and the home environment where the child is raised may not be optimal. The treating physician should judge the need for treatment during pregnancy in relation to the severity of the clinical symptoms. If needed, methylphenidate is preferred over amphetamines because breast feeding is possible. If one uses non-stimulant medications, bupropion seems to be the preferred drug.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.