ArticleBrain pathology (Zurich, Switzerland)2021
The presence of TIM-3 positive cells in WHO grade III and IV astrocytic gliomas correlates with isocitrate dehydrogenase mutation status.
Article in Brain pathology (Zurich, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- IDH mutation, glioma immunogenicity, and therapeutic challenge of primary mismatch repair deficient IDH-mutant astrocytoma PMMRDIA: a systematic review.Molecular oncology · 2024Pooled it
- Review
- TIM-3 teams up with PD-1 in cancer immunotherapy: mechanisms and perspectives.Molecular biomedicine · 2025Review
- Multifaceted roles of Galectins: from carbohydrate binding to targeted cancer therapy.Biomarker research · 2025Review
- The Role of TIM-3 in Glioblastoma Progression.Cells · 2025Review
- Glioblastoma microenvironment-from biology to therapy.Genes & development · 2024Review
- Review
- A new emerging target in cancer immunotherapy: Galectin-9 (LGALS9).Genes & diseases · 2023Review
- Article
- Isocitrate Dehydrogenase Mutant Grade II and III Glial Neoplasms.Hematology/oncology clinics of North America · 2022Review
- Galectins as Emerging Glyco-Checkpoints and Therapeutic Targets in Glioblastoma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Diffuse gliomas are aggressive brain tumors that respond poorly to immunotherapy including immune checkpoint inhibition. This resistance may arise from an immunocompromised microenvironment and deficient immune recognition of tumor cells because of low mutational burden. The most prominent genetic alterations in diffuse glioma are mutations in the isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) genes that generate the immunosuppressive oncometabolite d-2-hydroxyglutarate. Our objective was to explore the association between IDH mutation and presence of cells expressing the immune checkpoint proteins galectin-9 and/or T cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain containing-3 (TIM-3). Astrocytic gliomas of World Health Organization (WHO) grades III or IV (36 IDH-mutant and 36 IDH-wild-type) from 72 patients were included in this study. A novel multiplex chromogenic immunohistochemistry panel was applied using antibodies against galectin-9, TIM-3, and the oligodendrocyte transcription factor 2 (OLIG2). Validation studies were performed using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) project. IDH mutation was associated with decreased levels of TIM-3
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.