ArticleCancer science2021
Similarities and differences in metabolites of tongue cancer cells among two- and three-dimensional cultures and xenografts.
Article in Cancer science, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Experimental Models and Nanotechnology-Based Platforms in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: From Tumor Biology to Translational Applications.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- 2D versus 3D tumor-on-chip models to study the impact of tumor organization on metabolic patterns in vitro.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Review
- Metabolic Analysis of Three-Dimensional Cultured Gastrointestinal Cancer Cells Suggests that <sc>l</sc>-Arginine Inhibits Tumor Growth by Affecting the Urea Cycle.Pathobiology : journal of immunopathology, molecular and cellular biology · 2025Article
- Organoid Technology in Precision Medicine for Head and Neck Cancer.Oncology research · 2025Review
- The effects of carbon-ion beam irradiation on three-dimensional in vitro models of normal oral mucosa and oral cancer: development of a novel tool to evaluate cancer therapy.In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Animal · 2024Article
- Three-Dimensional Culture of Glioblastoma Cells Using a Tissueoid Cell Culture System.Acta histochemica et cytochemica · 2024Article
- Bridging the gap: advancing cancer cell culture to reveal key metabolic targets.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Review
- Silicate Microfiber Scaffolds Support the Formation and Expansion of the Cortical Neuronal Layer of Cerebral Organoids With a Sheet-Like Configuration.Stem cells translational medicine · 2023Article
- A fingerprint of 2-[iScience · 2023Article
- The drug efficacy testing in 3D cultures platform identifies effective drugs for ovarian cancer patients.NPJ precision oncology · 2023Article
- Towards a New 3Rs Era in the construction of 3D cell culture models simulating tumor microenvironment.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Review
- Modeling Prostate Cancer Treatment Responses in the Organoid Era: 3D Environment Impacts Drug Testing.Biomolecules · 2021Article
- Differences in the Central Energy Metabolism of Cancer Cells between Conventional 2D and Novel 3D Culture Systems.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Similarities and differences in metabolites of tongue cancer cells among two- and three-dimensional cultures and xenografts.Cancer science · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Metabolic programming of cancer cells is an essential step in transformation and tumor growth. We established two-dimensional (2D) monolayer and three-dimensional (3D) cultures, the latter called a "tissueoid cell culture system", using four types of tongue cancer cell lines. We also undertook a comprehensive metabolome analysis of three groups that included xenografts created by transplanting the cell lines into nude mice. In addition, we undertook a functional analysis of the mitochondria, which plays a key role in cancer metabolism. Principal component analysis revealed the plots of the four cell lines to be much narrower in 2D culture than in 3D culture and xenograft groups. Moreover, compared to xenografts, the 2D culture had significantly lower levels of most metabolites. These results suggest that the unique characteristics of each cell disappeared in 2D culture, and a type of metabolism unique to monolayer culture took over. Conversely, ATP production, biomass synthesis, and maintenance of redox balance were shown in 3D culture using sufficient nutrients, which closely resembled the metabolic activity in the xenografts. However, there were several differences between the metabolic activity in the 3D culture and xenografts. In vivo, the cancer tissue had blood flow with stromal cells present around the cancer cells. In the xenografts, we detected metabolized and degraded products in the liver and other organs of the host mice. Furthermore, the 3D system did not show impairment of mitochondrial function in the cancer cells, suggesting that cancer cells produce energy simultaneously through mitochondria, as well as aerobic glycolysis.
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