ReviewAdvances in medical education and practice2020
The Long-Term Effectiveness of Empathic Interventions in Medical Education: A Systematic Review.
Review in Advances in medical education and practice, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Empathy training in healthcare: an umbrella review.BMC medical education · 2025Pooled it
- Cross-cultural validation of the social empathy index: a psychometric study among Japanese medical students.Medical education online · 2026Article
- Towards patient-centered healthcare: a scoping review of soft skills training in medical schools.BMC medical education · 2026Article
- Changes in Self-Reported Empathy After a Basic Medical Communication Course Among Premedical Students: Single-Group Longitudinal Study.JMIR medical education · 2026Article
- Deep End Placements and Social Empathy: Single Centered Before-After Study in Japan.Advances in medical education and practice · 2026Article
- Harnessing the Neurobiology of Empathy and Compassion to Alleviate Burnout in Neurology.Annals of neurology · 2026Review
- Virtual reality for experiential learning: enhancing agitation management skills, confidence, and empathy in healthcare students.Medical education online · 2025Article
- A qualitative study to explore experiences of anti-racism teaching in medical residency programs across the United States and subsequent creation of the SPOC (Support - Pipeline - Outcomes - Community) Model to guide future curricula design.BMC medical education · 2024Article
- Empathy levels in Australian chiropractic students.The Journal of chiropractic education · 2022Article
- Craving Empathy: Studying the Sustained Impact of Empathy Training on Clinicians.Journal of patient experience · 2021Article
- Immersive Technology Approaches to Cultivate Empathy in U.S. Medical Schools: A Narrative Review (2015-2025).Journal of medical extended realityArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The Association of American Medical Colleges recognizes that empathy is an important part of providing excellent patient care and lists empathy as a Core Entrustable Professional Attribute for physicians. This study is a review of the literature focusing on studies with an educational intervention to promote empathy and at least one year follow-up data. After reviewing the 4910 abstracts retrieved from PubMed, PsycInfo, Cochrane, Web of Science, CINAHL, and Embase; the coauthors selected 61 articles for full-text review and completed a medical education research study quality instrument (MERSQI) to ensure all selected studies scored at least 7 or above. Five studies from the US and seven international studies met our inclusion criteria and formed the basis for the study. Few longitudinal studies with a post-intervention follow-up exist to confirm or disprove the effectiveness and durability of empathy training. Of the published studies that do conduct long-term follow-up, study design and measures used to test empathy are inconsistent. Despite the high degree of heterogeneity, the overwhelming majority demonstrated declining empathy over time. Little evidence was identified to support the ability to augment the empathy of physician trainees in sustained fashion. A model is presented which explains the observed changes. Alternative solutions are proposed, including the selection of more prosocial candidates.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.