ArticlePhysics of fluids (Woodbury, N.Y. : 1994)2020
Flow visualization of an N95 respirator with and without an exhalation valve using schlieren imaging and light scattering.
Article in Physics of fluids (Woodbury, N.Y. : 1994), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 57 citations in OpenAlex.
- Characterizing Aerosol Generating Procedures With Background Oriented Schlieren.Journal of biomechanical engineering · 2023Article
- A critical review on the role of leakages in the facemask protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection with consideration of vaccination and virus variants.Indoor air · 2022Review
- The advantage of self-protecting interventions in mitigating epidemic circulation at the community level.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Article
- TU Delft COVID-app: A tool to democratize CFD simulations for SARS-CoV-2 infection risk analysis.The Science of the total environment · 2022Article
- Physiological Impacts of Surgical Mask Coverage of Elastomeric Half-mask Respirator Exhalation Valves in Healthcare Workers.Annals of work exposures and health · 2022Article
- Speech air flow with and without face masks.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Infrared-based visualization of exhalation flows while wearing protective face masks.Physics of fluids (Woodbury, N.Y. : 1994) · 2022Article
- What do masks mask? A study on transdermal COMedical engineering & physics · 2021Article
- Article
- Particle leakage through the exhalation valve on a face mask under flow conditions mimicking human breathing: A critical assessment.Physics of fluids (Woodbury, N.Y. : 1994) · 2021Article
- Effectiveness of different types of mask in aerosol dispersion in SARS-CoV-2 infection.International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2021Article
- Mitigating exhalation puffs during oxygen therapy for respiratory disease.Physics of fluids (Woodbury, N.Y. : 1994) · 2021Article
- Face masks against COVID-19: Standards, efficacy, testing and decontamination methods.Advances in colloid and interface science · 2021Review
- Designing antiviral surfaces to suppress the spread of COVID-19.Physics of fluids (Woodbury, N.Y. : 1994) · 2021Article
- Letter to the Editor.American journal of infection control · 2021Article
- Effects of slope and speed of escalator on the dispersion of cough-generated droplets from a passenger.Physics of fluids (Woodbury, N.Y. : 1994) · 2021Article
- Eulerian-Lagrangian modeling of cough droplets irradiated by ultraviolet-C light in relation to SARS-CoV-2 transmission.Physics of fluids (Woodbury, N.Y. : 1994) · 2021Article
- Effect of face shield design on the prevention of sneeze droplet inhalation.Physics of fluids (Woodbury, N.Y. : 1994) · 2021Article
- A dynamical overview of droplets in the transmission of respiratory infectious diseases.Physics of fluids (Woodbury, N.Y. : 1994) · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This work demonstrates the qualitative fluid flow characteristics of a standard N95 respirator with and without an exhalation valve. Schlieren imaging was used to compare an adult male breathing through an N95 respirator with and without a valve. The schlieren imaging technique showed the flow of warm air passing through these respirators but did not provide information about droplet penetration. For this, strategic lighting of fog droplets was used with a mannequin head to visualize the penetration of droplets through both masks. The mannequin exhaled with a realistic flow rate and velocity that matched an adult male. The penetration of fog droplets was also visualized with a custom system that seals each respirator onto the end of a flow tube. Results of these qualitative experiments show that an N95 respirator without an exhalation valve is effective at blocking most droplets from penetrating through the mask material. Results also suggest that N95 respirators with exhalation valves are not appropriate as a source control strategy for reducing the proliferation of infectious diseases that spread via respiratory droplets.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.