ReviewClinical medicine (London, England)2021
Autonomic dysfunction in 'long COVID': rationale, physiology and management strategies.
Review in Clinical medicine (London, England), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 4 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 374 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Hyperbaric Oxygen for Treatment of Long COVID Syndrome; A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind, Phase II Clinical Trial
Identification of the Effects of Post Covid Syndrome on the Autonomic Nervous System With Heart Rate Variability
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Dual Sympathetic Blocks for Patients Experiencing Sympathetically-Mediated Symptoms From Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC)
Effects of Transcutaneous Electrical Neurostimulation on Female Patients With Long COVID - a Pilot Study
Who cites it
374 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Cardiology Consult for the General Pediatrician after Cardiac Manifestations from a SARS-CoV-2 Infection.Current pediatric reviews · 2026Pooled it
- Cardiopulmonary crosstalk in Long COVID: a systematic review of emerging evidence.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2025Pooled it
- Long-term neurological and cognitive impact of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis in over 4 million patients.BMC neurology · 2025Pooled it
- The developments and emerging trends of Autonomic Nervous System Research in Arrhythmia: a bibliometric study from 2004 to 2024.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2025Pooled it
- Evidence-based position paper on physical and rehabilitation medicine professional practice for persons with COVID-19, including post COVID-19 condition: the European PRM position (UEMS PRM Section).European journal of physical and rehabilitation medicine · 2023Guideline
- The breath and mind connection in young people with post-COVID syndrome: feasibility and acceptability of a pilot randomised co-designed intervention.European journal of pediatrics · 2026Trial
- Profiles of Individuals With Long COVID Reporting Persistent Cognitive Complaints.Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists · 2025Trial
- Feasibility and acceptance of transdermal auricular vagus nerve stimulation using a TENS device in females suffering from long COVID fatigue.Wiener klinische Wochenschrift · 2025Trial
- Hives in autonomic disorders: a cutaneous marker of a distinct symptom phenotype.Annals of medicine · 2026Article
- Management of long COVID-19 in children and adolescents: from diagnosis to therapeutically approaches.Annals of medicine · 2026Review
- Impact of COVID‑19 infection on subsequent prescriptions of autonomic dysfunction pharmacotherapy: a nationwide propensity‑score‑matched Cohort study in Japan.Annals of medicine · 2026Article
- Article
- Bidirectional Associations Between Autonomic Function, Sleep Quality, and Daily Fatigue and Energy Symptoms in Long COVID: Longitudinal Digital Health Study.JMIR cardio · 2026Observational
- Cardiovascular Sequelae After SARS-CoV-2 in Children: From Myocardial Injury to Dysautonomia and Implications for Phenotype-Guided Follow-Up.Pediatric cardiology · 2026Review
- Long COVID-19 in Spain: A Phenomenological Exploration of Health, Support, and Systemic Challenges.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Long-term angiogenic and thromboinflammatory signatures in post-COVID-19 syndrome.Angiogenesis · 2026Article
- Article
- Assessing autonomic nervous system imbalance in long COVID-19 patients through heart rate variability during tilt testing.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- The impact of post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 on cardiac function and structure: A systematic review and a hybrid individual participant data meta-analysis.American journal of preventive cardiology · 2026Review
- Temporal patterns of neurological deterioration in COVID-19 survivors: a longitudinal cohort analysis of post-acute neurological sequelae.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026Article
314 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused unprecedented morbidity, mortality and global disruption. Following the initial surge of infections, focus shifted to managing the longer-term sequelae of illness in survivors. 'Post-acute COVID' (known colloquially as 'long COVID') is emerging as a prevalent syndrome. It encompasses a plethora of debilitating symptoms (including breathlessness, chest pain, palpitations and orthostatic intolerance) which can last for weeks or more following mild illness. We describe a series of individuals with symptoms of 'long COVID', and we posit that this condition may be related to a virus- or immune-mediated disruption of the autonomic nervous system resulting in orthostatic intolerance syndromes. We suggest that all physicians should be equipped to recognise such cases, appreciate the symptom burden and provide supportive management. We present our rationale for an underlying impaired autonomic physiology post-COVID-19 and suggest means of management.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.