ReviewJournal of optometry
Why the symptoms and objective signs of dry eye disease may not correlate.
Review in Journal of optometry. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07185854 (Acupuncture Combined With Artificial Tears Compared With Artificial Tears Alone in Moderate Dry Eye), which is not on this map. Cited by 26 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Acupuncture Combined With Artificial Tears Compared With Artificial Tears Alone in Moderate Dry Eye: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Dry Eye Disease and personality: a systematic review.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Evaluation of the therapeutic effect of estrogen replacement therapy combined with autologous serum therapy in controlling severe dry eye disease in perimenopausal women.Scientific reports · 2025Trial
- Safety, adherence and discontinuation in varenicline solution nasal spray clinical trials for dry eye disease.Journal of comparative effectiveness research · 2023Trial
- Ocular social jetlag: a driver of immune-metabolic dysfunction in dry eye disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Dry Eye Disease and Psychiatric Disorders: Neuroimmune Mechanisms and Therapeutic Perspectives.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- The relationship between subthreshold anxiety disorder and symptoms and signs of dry eye disease.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Content validity of self-reports of excess skin after bariatric surgery: protocol for a Dutch cross-sectional study.BMJ open · 2025Article
- Dry Eye Disease: From Causes to Patient Care and Clinical Collaboration-A Narrative Review.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2025Review
- Optimizing Diagnosis and Management of Dry Eye Disease: A Practical Framework for Hong Kong.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2025Article
- The Relationship Between Anxiety Sensitivity, Emotional States, and Dry Eye Disease Symptom Severity: A Cross-Sectional Study.Vision (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- From Symptoms to Satisfaction: Optimizing Patient-Centered Care in Dry Eye Disease.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Review
- Prevalence of dry eye in people over 50 years old in Beichen district, Tianjin city: a cross-sectional population-based survey.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Association of Dry Eye Symptoms and Signs in Patients with Dry Eye Disease.Ophthalmic epidemiology · 2024Article
- Association of self-reported psychiatric and systemic risk factors in dry eye disease in adult Korean population.Eye (London, England) · 2024Article
- Associations between dry eye disease and sleep quality: a cross-sectional analysis.BMJ open ophthalmology · 2024Article
- Simultaneous real-time analysis of tear film optical quality dynamics and functional visual acuity in dry eye disease.Eye and vision (London, England) · 2023Article
- Widening Aging Eyes and Ending Outdoor Tearing with Retrobulbar Injections of Dermal Fillers.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2023Article
- How We Can Change Clinical Practice Using Antioxidant Molecules?Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- OSDI Questions on Daily Life Activities Allow to Detect Subclinical Dry Eye in Young Contact Lens Users.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cases of dry eye disease involving a neuropathic basis for symptoms and a poor correlation between symptoms and objective signs of dry eye disease can be associated with unsatisfactory responses to treatments which are limited to attempts to restore lacrimal function unit deficiencies. This review examines a wider range of circumstances under which the same kind of poor correlation between signs, symptoms and treatment results can be found. Some cases of computer vision syndrome can present for examination at times when objective signs related to reported symptoms have dissipated. A thorough history should explain this type of presentation for which symptoms might otherwise appear to be unexplained. However, mental health disorders can also be the basis for apparently unexplained levels of symptoms of dry eye disease. Anxiety, depression, hypochondriasis, stress, sleep and mood disorders as well as neuroticism for example, may be associated with exacerbation of symptoms to degrees that are not consistent with the levels of tear homeostasis anomalies that are assessed. The conclusion is drawn that failure to consider mental health comorbidities may result in symptomatic patients being exposed to less successful attempts to remediate tear dysfunctions when, for example, the symptoms have a somatic basis. Appropriate screening and referral to a psychologist or psychiatrist may be the key to managing some patients whose symptoms do not correlate with objective evidence of dry eye disease.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.